Points to Ponder

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0><script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-47423994-1', 'fortunecity.ws'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <center> <br> <div> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="http://ad.broadcaststation.net/ads/show_ad.php?width=728&height=90"></script> </div> </center> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0 height="100%"><tr> <td valign="top" width=190 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id94_m.htm#past_news" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Points to Ponder"><U>Past News</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id94_m.htm#points_to_ponder" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Points to Ponder"><U>Dream Phone</U></A></div> <div> <B>____________________________</B></div> <div> <A HREF="id94_m.htm#singtel_achievements" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Points to Ponder"><U>SingTel News Sept 2000</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id94_m.htm#singtel_october2000" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Points to Ponder"><U>SingTel News Oct 2000</U></A></div> <div> ____________________________</div> <div> <A HREF="id94_m.htm#impact_of_the_proposed_introduction_of" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Points to Ponder"><U>Impact of the Proposed Introduction of 3 MHz and 5 MHz Bandwidths to the Non-licensed 2.4 MHz Band</U></A><A HREF="id94_m.htm#impact_of_the_proposed_introduction_of" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Points to Ponder"><U> </U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id94_m.htm#useful_diagrams_and_illustrations_on" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Points to Ponder"><U>Useful Diagrams and Illustrations on the Development and Introduction of W-CDMA</U></A><A HREF="id94_m.htm#useful_diagrams_and_illustrations_on" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Points to Ponder"><U> </U></A></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>____________________________</B></div> </td> <td valign="top" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#003333" FACE="Arial" ><IMG SRC="13b6d2b0.gif" border=0 width="365" height="43" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Verdana" >| </FONT><B>    </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Lemonrain_First_Page"><U><B>home</B></U></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>          </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >                           </FONT></div> <div> <A HREF="id24.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Wideband CDMA "><U><B>Wideband CDMA </B></U></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id22.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Articles"><U><B>Articles</B></U></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id17.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="ListenLemonrain"><U><B>ListenLemonrain</B></U></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id20.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Contact Us"><U><B>Contact Us</B></U></A></div> <bR> <div> Points to Ponder</div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="795" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#003300 HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="793"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="793" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div>  <A NAME="past_news"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080" FACE="Tempus Sans ITC" ><B><U>PAST NEWS</U></B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="semiconductors_businesses_chartered_"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B><B><U>Semiconductors Businesses-Chartered </U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>A. Business</U></B></div> <div> Making wafer for :</div> <bR> <div> (1) waferless companies - example ARM from UK. They only concentrate on designing</div> <div> and outsourcing chip making to company which can manufactured the design.</div> <bR> <div> (2) Semiconductor companies - company which has their only wafer fab, but they still</div> <div> outsouce part or all of the chip making to company which can produce chip cheaper.</div> <div> Example Fujitsu ask TSMC to make DRAM chip.</div> <bR> <div> (3) OEM companies - company which has design chip which they used to make their</div> <div> product. Example - Creative from Singapore making ASIC with process from NEC</div> <div> technology. </div> <bR> <div> <B><U>B. CSM Competitors</U></B></div> <div> In the example above, you can see that TSMC, UMC and CSM are not the only companies with Wafer fab facilities.  Companies which offer ASIC - like Fujitsu, NEC, Sharp (Japs), Hunydai, Samsung, LG(Koreas), ST microelectronic, AMS, Philips (Europeans), Texas instrument, IBM (USA), Infineon, Lucent.  Companies which have their own wafer fab (mainly semiconductor manufacturer which produce off-shelf ) - Texas Instruments, IBM, NEC, Infineon, Lucent etc etc </div> <div> Companies which make IC from their own use - Intel, AMD etc etc </div> <bR> <div> <B><U>C. Technology</U></B></div> <div> You see technology advances very fast - just look at the PC you buy - Intel 486s, to Pentium and then handheld computer like the PDAs.   Imagine the PDAs has the power of a desktop PC 10 years ago. </div> <bR> <div> In wafer fab, the used term like 0.5um, 0.35um, 0.25um, 0.18um .... 0.11um.  Those batteries powered PDAs are mostly make by 0.18um technology. They usually</div> <div> means also how small the little transistor can get. And also how fast the transistor can operate. </div> <bR> <div> So you see, CSM need a partner who can help them get to the latest technology. You read about join venture with Lucent from USA and Infineon from Germany. Otherwise CSM need to spend a lot of money in RD to bring them to the latest technology.   In making the smallest transistor, I understand that IBM is now leading. </div> <bR> <div> <B><U>D. Yield</U></B></div> <div> In wafer fab, the transistor are make on little circular thing called "wafer". The industry has standard size like 6in, 8in and now the latest 12in. You must have read from the UMC venture in Singapore with EDB and Lucent?   The designs are formed on the wafer and cut into "die". So you see, the bigger the wafer, the more dies you can manufactured in one wafer and theoritically the yield.   A 8in wafer will yield lesses part then a 12in wafer.   Wafer fab output are measures by the number of wafer they can make in a month. </div> <bR> <div> <B><U>E. Outsourcing</U></B></div> <div> So you see, it does not mean that a slow down in USA will meaning immediately outsourcing to TSMC, UMC or CSM. You must have the latest technology to meet their</div> <div> requirements.  Example, how can CSM manufacture for Intel the latest Patinium 4 if CSM do not have the latest technology. </div> <div> So you see now why wafer fab are usually built with a join venture partner which bring in their technology. </div> <bR> <div> <B><U>F. Differences with Contract manufacturer</U></B></div> <div> There is a big different between CSM and companies like Venture Manufacturing when it comes to outsourcing.   In CM, the components are bought off-shelf. Venture Manufacturing just has to source for all the components required - capacitors ( remember there was a shorten of Tantanium capacitors last year?), resistors, IC and any other necessary parts.  Theoritically CM just assemble and pass the finish product said to HP.   But, it Wafer fab - the technology used to make the components - this case the IC, are very expensive and advance. Sometimes the equipments are controlled item (not allow into countries like - example North Korea). </div> <bR> <div> This are usually state of the art.  Venture Manufacturing theoritically dont have to do the R&D, invest in advance technology, invest in expensive manufacturing equipment. </div> <bR> <div> <B><U>G. Keeping up with the latest technology</U></B></div> <div> Remember the investment from UMC with EDB and a US partner to build a 12in wafer plant at Pasir Ris? It cost U$3.6 billion.  CSM profit for last year only cross U$200 million. CSM may hold back further investment till the outlook is clearer - but for how long?  Assuming that they will build a wafer fab to keep up with the rest - U$3.6 billion is almost the size of CSM market capitalization now. Will they sell more shares to fund it? </div> <bR> <div> <B><U>H. Depreciation</U></B></div> <div> I remember one statement in the latest result. The revenue will drop and also the profit.  But there is one part which mentioned that it will be lost in Q1 - all because of the high depreciation charges.   Imagine if you depreciation a U$3.6 billion wafer plant over 10 years - U$360 million !!!  More then the profit they reported for Y2000!. </div> <bR> <div> <B><U>I. In conclusion</U></B></div> <div> 1. Investment for the latest technology is very high (U$3.6 billion for a 12 in wafer plant). </div> <div> 2. Outsourcing does not meant that CSM will receive a share of the PIEs. The company</div> <div> who outsouced has to judge if CSM has the technology to finish the work. </div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <U> <A NAME="bluetooth_3g_and_other_wireless"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U><U>Bluetooth, 3G and other wireless technologies of the information revolution are on their way. But it will take more than marketing hype to realise their full potential</U></div> <bR> <div> IN THE beginning there were lots of computers on office desks. Some of them were connected to other computers in the same office. Each of these offices was, in turn, hooked up to the public-telephone network, but only for phone calls. Then an idea took hold: why not get all these computing islands somehow to connect to all the others, using variants on those same phone lines? So dawned the age of the Internet.</div> <bR> <div> Today, users are at much the same point with mobile computing and communications. A typical technophile on a train will carry a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a notebook computer and possibly a pager. All around the commuter are radio waves of the wireless public-telephone networks. With sufficient will, dexterity and technical know-how, he can connect his PDA or notebook to his mobile phone via an infra-red connection or cable and then connect to the Internet over the cellular network. He may even be able to download a few e-mail messages or a web page, although it is more than likely that he will be disconnected by some failure in this makeshift chain of communications.</div> <bR> <div> What the gadgeteer is waiting for is a technology that will do for his rag-bag of mobile devices what the Internet did for the PC and local-area networks (LANs)—link them seamlessly to the rest of the digital world.</div> <bR> <div> The wait could be nearly over. New digital telephone networks designed for high-speed data that are on their way can turn a conventional telephone into an “always-on” broadband Internet device. The telephone would then become a true utility—just like the electricity and water supply—that is permanently connected to the user and available instantly on demand. Meanwhile, another technology called Bluetooth is about to do the same for the mini-constellation of devices that an individual carries around, connecting them all together wirelessly.</div> <bR> <div> This tantalising prospect has launched thousands of breathless headlines since the two technologies were first promoted two years ago. And for good reason. The possibilities they raise are as broad and transforming as the Internet itself. The commuter would be able to surf the web and check e-mail on his palm-sized PDA which, by relying on a wireless connection for external storage and communications, would be both thin and cheap. The PDA’s main communications link would be to his mobile phone. Meanwhile, the phone would be connected, at a speed as fast as the best of today’s corporate Internet links, to the cellular beacons scattered around the passing city-scape.</div> <bR> <div> It gets better. The commuter could listen to music through wireless headphones that play music albums from his notebook computer, which could store an entire collection of CDs in compressed MP3 files. Or he could play a quick bout of a shoot-’em-up video game on his PDA with a passenger across the aisle. When a call comes in on his mobile phone, it would automatically pause the music (or gunfire) on the headphones and, after a confirming press on a headphone button, switch to the incoming caller.</div> <bR> <div> When the commuter arrives at the office or home, the network around him would reconfigure itself. Instead of relatively expensive public networks for his Internet connection, the devices would switch to a wireless LAN that connected to the outside world via cheaper high-speed landlines. The PDA would instantly sense the different devices around it. At home, it might be audio and video players or computer printers, MP3 music servers or Internet appliances that it can communicate with. At work, it might be secure corporate servers, other PDAs or software robots that schedule meetings. Meanwhile, his phone would switch to local mode, acting like a cordless phone with a local base-station rather than a mobile, saving both money and batteries. The notebook would also connect automatically to a wireless LAN that offered everything from video-conferencing to multi-player gaming.</div> <bR> <div> Back to earth</div> <div> Wishful thinking? Not entirely. Most of these things are possible today—albeit at incredible expense and with a level of complexity that would require an engineering degree. The whole point of the coming wireless technologies is to make them so easy and cheap that using them becomes as common as using a mobile phone itself. But for this, three things need to happen more or less simultaneously.</div> <div>  </div> <div> •First, the world’s mobile networks must be replaced. Most of today’s wireless digital networks are “circuit-switched”. When you make a call, you establish an exclusive circuit that is one of only a limited number that the network can handle at any one moment. When you finish the call, the connection is cut. This is fine for speech, which is what such networks were designed for. But it is a poor way to handle data.</div> <bR> <div> The problems are all too familiar to those who use conventional landlines and dial-up modems to connect to the Internet. It takes a long time (ten seconds or more) to make a connection. The connection is slow and remains open with the meter ticking, even during pauses between data transfers. And it is the user who has to initiate it.</div> <bR> <div> These networks need to be replaced by “packet-switched” networks which, being always on, can send and receive data (in Internet-like packets) whenever needed, with no pause to establish a link. Charges for today’s “persistent” digital connections, such as a cable modem, DSL (digital subscriber line) or ISDN (integrated services digital network), are typically either flat monthly fees or by volume of data transferred. Being permanently connected, a charge based on a rate-per-minute would be meaningless.</div> <bR> <div> A few packet-switched networks are already in operation, ranging from Japan’s i-mode phones to the interactive paging networks used in North America by Research in Motion’s popular hand-held devices. But widespread adoption is waiting for a new generation of wireless technologies that range from upgrades of existing digital networks to new 3G (third generation) networks that use different frequency bands (see article).</div> <bR> <div> •The second requirement is to do the same at the individual level. By way of analogy, public mobile carriers are “wide-area networks” (WANs). Then there are LANs, private versions of which may range no farther than a building. The new technology will take the progression to the next level: personal-area networks (PANs). These will be wireless networks that connect the digital gadgets that a user carries around to each other, as well as to gadgets of other people nearby.</div> <bR> <div> Today, the closest thing to a PAN is the tangle of wires and some unreliable infra-red connections that connect one computer to another. While it is possible to link computers, PDAs, mobile telephones, printers and the like together, each typically needs its own special connector, and each speaks a communications language unknown to the others. And, like the circuit-switched public wireless networks of today, each connection has to be established manually and tends to be designed for single use.</div> <bR> <div> A person with a Bluetooth PDA could walk through Grand Central Station and unknowingly join and quit dozens of personal—area networks between street and platform.</div> <bR> <div>  Bluetooth aims to replace this collection of cables, docking cradles and incompatible standards with a tiny chip and antenna in each device. These will provide wireless connections all around. Using a mere trickle of power (thanks to its short range) and offering data rates of around one megabit per second (ten times as fast as the serial cables or infra-red connections on the back of today’s computers), Bluetooth will also provide a common language that all devices—from phones to computer printers—can speak, at least at a basic level.</div> <bR> <div> •The last piece of the puzzle is to ensure that, once these devices can talk to one another, they have something to say. Hence the data protocols and conventions that will run on top of the underlying Bluetooth communications software. These are the instructions that will let a button on your headphones pause your MP3 player and switch to a phone call, or automatically switch your phone to quiet mode when entering a restaurant or theatre.</div> <bR> <div> Unfortunately, this part of the jigsaw exists mostly on paper. Without it, Bluetooth could fall by the wayside—as did previous attempts to let couch potatoes communicate with audio and video equipment in their living rooms using a single, universal, remote control. What killed such efforts in the past was a failure by manufacturers to agree on standards. Each maker adopted its own communications protocol, in the hope of locking customers into its products. If that happens this time—with, say, Ericsson headsets working only with Ericsson phones and PDAs—then consumers can say goodbye to many of Bluetooth’s benefits.</div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="handset_giants_face_asian_challenge"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>Handset giants face Asian challenge</B></div> <div> <I>By Ray Le Maistre, Total Telecom, in Montreux </I></div> <bR> <div> Mobile handset giants such as Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola could find their position as the world's mobile device superpowers threatened by Asian manufacturers that are preparing a mass roll-out of 3G devices. So believes Paris-based Lloyd Carney, president, Wireless Internet, at Nortel Networks, a major supplier of mobile network infrastructure. </div> <bR> <div> Speaking at the GSM Association's 44th Plenary gathering in Montreux, Switzerland, Carney told a select group of delegates that "the top suppliers of 3G handsets will not be the existing leading manufacturers. I'll bet that it won't be the Nokias or Ericssons [that hold the majority market share]. Asia will hold the balance of power, with companies such as Samsung, Panasonic and Sanyo leading the way." </div> <bR> <div> Carney's view that the current 2G handset market leaders would be overtaken in the 3G device market was backed up by the Association's current chairman Jim Healy, who said that the continued focus by the leading vendors on the production of handsets for the 2G market was giving alternative vendors the chance to strike a relationship with, and develop 3G products for, mobile operators. </div> <bR> <div> "The current handset market leaders are sitting on their laurels, and this has created a vacuum that other companies can fill," said Healy, president of Bellevue, Washington-based Cook Inlet Voicestream PCS. The major beneficiaries of the seeming reluctance of current vendors to meet operator needs are likely to be PDA companies such as Palm, Handspring and Compaq, added Healy.</div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="w__cdma_rushes_ahead_of_3g_rivals"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>W- CDMA Rushes Ahead of 3G Rivals</B> 11/17/2000 </div> <div> New York, Nov 17, 2000 (123Jump via COMTEX) -- When it comes to developing third-generation cellular technology, there is much to be gained with the adoption of a uniform standard. It would enable a raft of new bandwidth-intensive services such as real-time video and mobile multimedia, which are supposed to open up a whole world of unimagined possibilities and allow users to take full advantage of the potential of applications based on various contents. </div> <bR> <div> IMT-2000, the overall designation for 3G systems, is evolving as the system that promises to be the international standard for advanced mobile communications. It is now being standardized by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) - its goal is to realize globally one undiversified radio interface and a wireless communications system that can provide a variety of high-quality services equivalent to those of fixed communications. </div> <bR> <div> Looking forward to deploying the world's first commercial network that will offer off-the-wire services, Japan's NTT DoCoMo has for some time been developing a next-generation platform meant to take advantage of the Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) system. Service objectives include data and image interchange at a maximum speed of 2 Mbps, compared with the lethargic 14 Kbps of today's European GSM standard and the 64 Kbps to 384 Kbps of the interim GPRS networks, in addition to existing voice-centered services. Since the W-CDMA technology offers many benefits including the low power requirements for transmission, it is deemed one of the most suitable systems to meet 3G objectives - multimedia, personal and intelligent systems. </div> <div> FDMA/TDMA Definition </div> <bR> <div> In mobile data transmission, it is necessary to effectively utilize limited frequency resources by enabling multiple users to share radio channels in order to conduct simultaneous communications. The technology used for this purpose is called multiple access. </div> <div> Three systems are adopted to realize this, depending on the way in which radio channels are separated: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), which divides by frequency; Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), which divides by time and Code Division Multiple Access, which divides by spread codes using the spectrum spread. To provide simultaneous two-way, or duplex communications, a downlink channel from the base station to the mobile station and an uplink channel in the opposite direction, are needed. Two types of pf duplex systems have been adopted: Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) - dividing by the frequency used and Time Division Duplexing (TDD) - dividing the same frequency by time. </div> <bR> <div> FDMA mainly uses FDD and the TDMA and CDMA systems use both FDD and TDD. In the CDMA system, different spectrum-spread codes are set for each user and multiple users share the same broadband channel. As a consequence of the introduction of transmission power control technology, which has resolved the near/far problem masking reception signals from a user distant from a base station, by using signals from a user nearer the uplink, CDMA is the multiple access system that is now attracting the most attention as a core technology for next-generation communications. It lessens susceptibility to the impact of noise and interference by substantially spreading the bandwidth range of signals after modulation. There are two basic types of CDMA implementation methodologies: Frequency Hopping (FH) and Direct Spread (DS) systems. As it is difficult to use the FH system on a practical basis unless a super-fast synthesizer is employed, the DS system is attracting attention as the most feasible method. </div> <div> Standardization </div> <bR> <div> For the mobile telecom world, the development of 3G cellular technology has been a remarkable journey in advanced technology and a complex international process of standardization. Over the past 10 years, Japan, Europe and the U.S. have all been working on various formats in approaching a third-generation wireless technology for the 2Ghz band of operation in the radio spectrum. The effect of a global standard has always been and is still considered an issue of crucial importance, since it would not only facilitate features such as roaming but would also potentially provide great economies of scale in the development and deployment of both networks and terminals. </div> <bR> <div> Although the progression to IMT-2000 started with spectrum allocation in the early part of the last decade, there were several competing proposals on how to achieve the most appropriate technology around the world. By 1996, Japan had decided to propose a W-CDMA technology. Europe and the U.S. had other proposals. The 'Old Continent' had to choose between W-CDMA and TD-CDMA (time division CDMA, a way to multiplex different channels within a timeslot) technologies, along with W-TDMA. U.S. groups favored a particular CDMA approach, which eventually became cdma2000, and a TDMA option, UWC-136. </div> <bR> <div> Following a close collaboration process between Japan and Europe, the W-CDMA technology, officially known as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), emerged as a standards proposal. In 1998, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) decided to adopt W-CDMA for the FDD band chosen before TDD - groups within the standards arena had favored either one or the other technique. However, the joint adoption by Europe and Japan undoubtedly promotes operational benefits. Actually, potential TDD approaches have not been discontinued and remain to be considered in case suitable spectrum becomes available. </div> <div> As a result of the efforts of the Operators Harmonization Group, a group of access specifications has been created with three different modes, represented by FDD DS, FDD Multi-Carrier and TDD modes. These remain distinct, but are now unified as a family. Standardization work in Japan has run in parallel across the national standards body (the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses, or ARIB, IMT-2000 Committee) and 3G Partnership Project (3GPP) activities, eventually culminating in a release in 1999, which in turn led to a common standard now available. </div> <div> W-CDMA Appeals </div> <bR> <div> Why does W-CDMA seem catchy for 3G? First, it can efficiently utilize limited frequency resources and accommodate as many users as possible because it allocates a unique spreading code to each user. This approach at the same time reduces the effects of noise and interference and allows improved quality of communication. By combining W-CDMA with the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) - which is the most effective technology to process text and image information in addition to voice on an integrated basis - it is possible to structure a mobile, multimedia integrated communications system that enables high-speed, flexible and efficient transmissions. </div> <bR> <div> Also, the technology offers a low mobile station transmit power opportunity - that is, independent resources for uplink and downlink and a wide variety of data rates. In more technological terms, it offers an improvement in multi-path resolution and the reduction of the intermittent reception ratio over possible alternatives. Thanks to advanced digital technology, comprising data modulation, spreading, de-spreading and demodulation, W-CDMA offers configurations that allow complex processing with concise systems. This means that even when transmitting large volumes of data at high speeds, it can avoid the complexity of system configuration, resulting in lower costs. </div> <bR> <div> Using a wider bandwidth, W-CDMA can handle smooth full motion video. DoCoMo's field trials have already been successful in transmitting full motion video using data transmission at a maximum speed of 2 Mbps. In addition, the company's 3G service will support a variety of other applications - packet data services, Web surfing, e-mail, file transfer, remote logging and even Internet phone utilities. Also available are ISDN-type services on a streamed basis, effectively using channels from 64 Kbps to 384 Kbps with extension under certain conditions to the 2 Mbps mentioned above. High-quality voice services up to 12.2 Kbps under AMR specification will also be supported. </div> <bR> <div> In terms of the DoCoMo deployment plan in Japan for commercial services, prototype testing has been completed and commercial equipment is now being designed. Firmly committed to launching its W-CDMA service no later than May, 2001, DoCoMo is unusual in that it has an extensive research and development institution for system implementation. Under this tight schedule only a year after the probable final specification appears, achievement of successful rollout will require intensive activity. The results of this development will be used in partnership with manufacturers to implement the actual system technology and network. </div> <div> After IMT-2000 </div> <bR> <div> Meanwhile, the company is dealing with R&D of basic technologies that will support a system for the next generation, such as the development of microwave and milliwave bandwidths, software wireless units, adaptive array antennas and adaptive interface cancelers. For the broad microwave frequency band, DoCoMo develops technology for high-speed transmission from 2 to 156 Mbps for connection to B-ISDN. Another key technology in post-IMT-2000 is time-space signal processing, in which an adaptive array antenna is combined with adaptive equalization technology in order to increase interference resistance while gaining the required signal levels. </div> <bR> <div> Industry pundits note that the question to ask is who the global market leader will be in mobile telecommunications, rather than who will deploy 3G networks first. For the next five or six years, Europe looks well-positioned to maintain its lead over the United States due to digital cellular handset penetration and the fact that many of the world's leading equipment and infrastructure manufacturers are European. But with forecasts such as that of the Strategis Group suggesting that by 2006, Japan and China will have 1.5 times more 3G subscribers than Europe with a staggering 46 million users, Asia runs a fair chance to leapfrog both of them. Paving the way, DoCoMo says it will continue with the challenge of expanding mobile communications and improving every facet of the technology for the 21st century. </div> <bR> <div> CONTACT: For more information, contact 123Jump.com, Inc. 212-968-8700 Send email to: info@123jump.com Or, visit 123Jump at: http://123jump.com </div> <div> All Rights Reserved. (c) Copyright: 2000 123jump.com, Inc. </div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="j_phone_focused_for_3g_mobile_internet"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>J-phone focused for 3G mobile Internet</B></div> <div> <I>By Emily Bourne, Total Telecom  </I>11 October 2000</div> <bR> <div> Japanese mobile operator J-Phone, fighting with DoCoMo's i-mode for consumer mobile Internet subscribers, plans to launch 3G services in December 2001. The company said it hopes to establish roaming agreements with WCDMA networks worldwide, utilizing its partnership with Vodafone and BT.</div> <bR> <div> J-Phone's J-Sky mobile Internet service competes directly with DoCoMo's popular i-mode service, both mainly targeting the youth market. J-Phone aims to appear contemporary, youthful and innovative, said Kyoichiro Kouri, senior managing director and chief operating officer, J-Phone East. The company will try to differentiate itself with high quality color terminals and quality content, along with innovative services.</div> <bR> <div> J-Phone's projected December 2001 launch is some way behind the May date set by DoCoMo. Kouri said he expected 2G and 3G networks would run in parallel for two to three years, with higher bandwidth applications running over the third generation infrastructure. </div> <bR> <div> "I think global roaming will be very important in the future," he said. The company currently has no roaming deals because its PDC standard exists only in Japan. However, the company's existing ties with Vodafone and BT, both large shareholders, will give it an advantage over DoCoMo when 3G networks are launched, said Rick Timmons, managing director, sales planning department, J-Phone Communications.</div> <bR> <div> And the relationship will also help with content deals, he added, because today's country-specific content will become global.</div> <bR> <div> Both DoCoMo and J-Phone will use the WCDMA standard; the country's third mobile operator, au, plans to use cdma2000. Kouri said he thought the market for 3G services would remain largely entertainment/consumer based.</div> <bR> <div> "The handsets in Japan are at least a year and a half ahead," said Timmons. He said this was largely because mobile operators more actively drive the design of new terminals, and competition to provide new data services has "driven operators to put pressure on vendors to develop phones." European handset suppliers will have to move quickly, he added, "or they will be taken over by the Japanese suppliers."</div> <bR> <div> In return, the company's handsets are more expensive, typically charging $300 for an Internet access phone.</div> <bR> <div> DoCoMo currently uses 11 handset vendors, Kouri said, including Sharp, Mitsubishi, Pioneer, Kenwood, Toshiba, Nokia and Sanyo. Its 2G network infrastructure providers are Ericsson and NEC, and its 3G providers Ericsson, Nokia and NEC. The Swedish vendor plans to launch 3G handsets in Japan over the J-Phone network.</div> <bR> <div> Timmons said he thought it was "one of only two networks in the world where data has overtaken voice," the other of course being DoCoMo. He said data calls per month outstripped voice in April 2000. Voice calls per handset are decreasing slightly, though the overall volume of voice calls is still rising. </div> <bR> <div> Kouri said the relative ascendancy of data calls was due to the popularity of e-mail as a communication method and the affordability of SMS messaging, which is cheaper than voice. </div> <bR> <div> J-Phone is working with companies from the vendor, TV, e-commerce and advertising markets on "Net Project," an attempt to create a standard for machine to machine communication. The company visualizes mobile interconnection between home appliances, connected through a short-range technology, such as to a home gateway, allowing the mobile user to interact with home appliances, office and retailers while on the move. Akio Obuchi, deputy general manager, e-business solutions group, J-Phone East, said he thought this networking vision would become reality in one to two years.</div> <bR> <div> Obuchi claimed the presence on the project of Keio University would ensure a neutral standard, but he did not expect the country's dominant mobile operator to take part. "We are not sure if DoCoMo is willing to join us," he said.</div> <bR> <div> "DoCoMo makes specifications and forces operators to use their proprietary specifications," Kouri added.</div> <bR> <div> J-Phone's mobile Internet applications and services are positioned largely for the consumer market. "Most operators in Europe are talking about business applications," said Kouri, but in Japan the fastest take-up has been for entertainment services. Timmons said both i-mode and J-Sky found there was very little enthusiasm for their banking and stock price applications. The most popular services are games, image download and ring tones. </div> <bR> <div> J-Phone was first to market in Japan with many new services, including SMS e-mail in 1997, SMS information services in 1998 and a camera phone and printer (handset provided by Sharp) which is out this week. The company also offers a map download service for a monthly fee of Y20 using positioning technology based on cell ID. "Nokia is still talking about doing it in the future," said Timmons.</div> <bR> <div> Japan has three national mobile operators: incumbent NTT DoCoMo, J-Phone and au, the mobile holdings of newly merger KDDI. All three operate networks based on the PDC standard which is unique to Japan. "The effect of the merger is so far positive on us," said Timmons, saying the new brand took time to gain acceptance in the market. All three won 3G licenses in a beauty contest in July this year.</div> <bR> <div> J-Phone has 9 million subscribers, Kouri said, and its J-Sky mobile Internet service has 3 million subscribers. Japan Telecom is the company's largest shareholder with 54%; BT holds 20% and Vodafone 26%. And Japan Telecom's shareholders include BT and AT&T.</div> <bR> <div> J-Phone recently consolidated into three companies: J-Phone East, J-Phone West and J-Phone Tokai, controlled by a holding company, J-Phone Communications. </div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B> <A NAME="sanyo_bids_for_unicom_cdma_deal_"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>Sanyo bids for Unicom CDMA deal </B></div> <div> <I>By Reuters staff  </I>25 September 2000</div> <bR> <div> Sanyo Electric Co is in talks with China's number two wireless carrier China Unicom about providing its CDMA mobile handsets to the mainland firm, according to Hong Kong newspaper iMail on Saturday.</div> <bR> <div> The paper cited Sanyo Multimedia Vice President Eiji Kotobuki as saying Sanyo Electric was also seeking a licence to manufacture CDMA (code division multiple access) handsets on the mainland.</div> <bR> <div> Hong Kong-and New York-listed China Unicom, which said last week it had 10.11 million mobile phone subscribers on its mainland networks, has said its Chinese parent would be first to invest in CDMA technology.</div> <bR> <div> China Unicom uses the European GSM wireless standard but has been weighing the adoption of CDMA for roughly two years. It has not disclosed the value or timing of any potential CDMA investment.</div> <bR> <div> China Unicom shares ended down 4.53 percent or HK$0.75 at HK$15.80 in Hong Kong on Friday while Sanyo Electric shares closed down 3.02 percent at 930 yen.</div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B> <A NAME="lucent_sanyo_unit_in_high_speed_mobile"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>Lucent, Sanyo Unit in High-Speed Mobile Internet Device, Services Venture</B></div> <div> <I>From AFX News Limited  </I>05 October 2000</div> <bR> <div> Lucent Technologies and Sanyo North America Corp division Sanyo Fisher Co said they have agreed to an alliance to develop high-speed mobile internet devices and services.</div> <bR> <div> The companies will jointly test third generation data products and services, beginning with cdma200-1X cellular technology, which is currently on commercial trial with transmission rates of up to 144 kilobits per second.</div> <bR> <div> The two also plan to cooperate on a technology venture, to be called 1XEVolution, that will allow network operators to provide peak data transmission rates of up to 2.4 Megabits per second with their existing commercial spectrum.</div> <bR> <div> Copyright 2000 AFX News Limited. All Rights Reserved.</div> <div>  <A NAME="24_oct_2000_news"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A>24-Oct-2000<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <B>Telefonica to move into Mexico via Motorola's Propel operations</B></div> <div> by Paul Mitchell, Research Analyst</div> <bR> <div> Telefonica has increased its subscriber base by approximately 3.2 million by acquiring Motorola's mobile assets in Mexico, Brazil, Honduras, the Dominican Republic and Israel. (See announcement ).</div> <bR> <div> Telefonica has broken into the Mexican market through a purchase of Motorola's cellular carrier Propel. Propel is active in the North of Mexico (regions 1-4) and comprises four operators, Baja Cellular, Cedetel, Norcel and Movitel. Motorola owns 100% of Baja Celular, Cedetel and Norcel, along with 90% of Movitel. These holdings have now passed to Telefonica, making the Spanish company a major player in Mexico as Propel is one of three cellular carriers which competes with Telcel, the dominant operator owned by Telmex, Mexico's former monopoly owner. Propel was to be floated off by Motorola, but this now seems extremely unlikely.</div> <bR> <div> A fifth Mexican operator, Portacel, operates in the south of Mexico and is also subject to takeover concerns. Telefonica will not be present in greater Mexico City, home to 18 million people.</div> <bR> <div> The move sees Telefonica become the third largest mobile operator in Mexico with 1.7 million subscribers (figure applies for the relevant Mexican operators in September 2000). The market currently has a penetration rate of 13.7% (September 2000) and is seen by the cellular industry as a region holding vast potential growth.</div> <bR> <div> Up until the Motorola acquisitions, Telefonica's only presence in Mexico had been through its internet subsidiary Terra Networks and the recently acquired data transmission company Optel. Telefonica is able to enter the one major Latin American market where it did not have a major presence with the added bonus of offering wireless internet services in conjunction with its Internet arm.</div> <bR> <div> In addition to the acquisition of Propel, Telefonica and Motorola have also been discussing the acquisition of the American company's wireless assets in Brazil (Global Telecom), Honduras (Celtel), the Dominican Republic (Tricom), Israel (Pelephone) and the south of Mexico (Portacel). These discussions reached their conclusion on 11 October 2000 when it was announced that an agreement had been reached. Motorola owned 35.5% of Global Telecom, 25% of Celtel, 31% of Tricom, 50% of Pelephone and 21.7% of Portacel.</div> <bR> <div> Under the terms of the two deals, Telefonica will pay a total of $2.645 billion in cash or $2.74 billion in equity. The deal is seen as an excellent one as no more than one week before the conclusion of the talks, Propel itself was valued at $2.6 billion. Under the terms now agreed, Propel is worth $1.79 billion, with a further amount of approximately $900,000 being paid for Motorola's other assets. </div> <bR> <div> Finalization of the transactions in Brazil, Honduras, the Dominican Republic, Israel and the south of Mexico is subject to rights of first refusal by the other shareholders involved. Furthermore, all transactions are subject to approval by both the respective boards of directors of the parties involved and the regional regulators. All business is expected to be completed in 2001.</div> <bR> <div> As a result of the deals, Telefonica now has over 23 million subscribers, 12.8 million of which are in their home market of Spain, making it one of the top five largest mobile operators in the world. The acquisition of Global Telecom has consolidated Telefonica's presence in Brazil, where it already operates two cellular networks. Global telecom operates services in the neighbouring states of Santa Catarina and Parana in southern Brazil. Parana lies next to the state of São Paulo where Telefonica controls fixed line operator Telesp, mobile operator Tele Sudeste Celular and has a stake in another firm, Tele Leste Celular. The other agreed Latin American acquisitions have allowed Telefonica to continue its expansion into the region; an area which already contributes 40% of the groups revenue. The move into Israel is Telefonica's first step outside its core Hispanic regions since it paid $902 million for Medi Telecom (Morocco) earlier this year.</div> <bR> <div> Motorola has declared that it entered the markets set out above in order to develop wireless communications within those regions, creating new infrastructure subscribers as it did so. However, as the markets have matured, conflicts have arisen between Motorola's wireless holdings and Motorola's infrastructure equipment business. The company is now seeking to return to its core business of wireless equipment.</div> <bR> <div> The news of the acquisitions comes just ahead of the public listing of Telefonica Móviles, due to take place towards the end of November 2000. The purchase of Propel alone is believed to add EUR 2-3 billion to the price of the company. The Motorola acquisitions are due to be incorporated into an expanded Telefonica Móviles before the IPO takes place.</div> <bR> <div> Finally, Telefonica's entrance into the Mexican market raises the profile of César Alierta, the man who replaced former chairman Juan Villalonga in August. The Motorola purchase is the first major transaction Mr Alierta has conducted and is seen as a coup because Mr Villalonga, a non-stop dealer maker when he led the company, failed to break into the Mexican market.</div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B> <A NAME="new_insight_gsm_packet_data__assessing"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>New Insight GSM Packet Data : Assessing when and how packet data will come to GSM</B></div> <div> By Dennis Andrews, EMC Senior Analyst <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >24Oct2000</FONT></div> <bR> <div> Although 'commercial' GPRS launches are promised during 2000, what is likely to be the true timescale before service, with a satisfactory supply of handsets, is available? </div> <bR> <div> Although a data speed of 170k is frequently quoted for GPRS, it is accepted that this is pure hype when applied to a public network. What real throughput speeds are likely to be achieved? What difference will be made by the introduction of EDGE? Is there a place for HSCSD? How will the introduction of packet data services affect capacity for voice services? </div> <bR> <div> Industry players continue to search for the 'killer application'. But voice has always been just that - and will continue to be so. What data applications are likely to find favour and will the operators be able to generate a business that does not leave them just playing the role of a data delivery pipe. </div> <bR> <div> Operators continue to look at different billing models; and to think about how they will tackle the complexities of revenue collection for data services without impacting their present collection system for voice revenues. Prepaid data services, which are likely to be popular, will present particular problems. </div> <bR> <div> Provision of GPRS data services will present special problems in a roaming environment. How will the industry tackle this challenge? </div> <bR> <div> GPRS is billed as a stepping stone to third generation cellular systems. What's the roadmap for this activity and how will it converge with other systems such as IS-136 and CDMA? </div> <bR> <div> EMC´s Insights have been specifically developed to provide senior executives in the industry with concise management overviews of the developments in the cellular market place. Insights are typically between 30 – 50 pages, and provide essential reading for executives who need to identify trends and deliver innovative products and services to stay ahead of the competitors in the market. </div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B> <A NAME="new_insight_china_3g_future_directions"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>New Insight China 3G: Future directions for the world's fastest growing cellular market</B></div> <div> <B>24Oct2000</B></div> <div> Approved by the ITU for international use at the end of 1999, TD-SCDMA is being developed by the Chinese Academy of Telecommunications Technology and Siemens of Germany to serve China's huge potential 3G-subscriber market and to give China the opportunity of exporting 3G equipment worldwide. EMC's latest Insight report will examine the current state of development of TD-SCDMA technology and China's plans to deploy the 3G technology domestically. </div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B>Animation Characters, Music to be Delivered to Mobile Phones and PDAs</B> </div> <div> October 13, 2000 (TOKYO) -- Nippon Animation Co., Ltd., Fujitsu Business Systems (FJB) Ltd., and Mitsuiwa Corp. jointly established J-anime.com on Oct. 10 to specialize in the character business.   The new company was founded to distribute digital animation contents to such devices as mobile phones, PCs, and PDAs.  It tries to unite Japan Animation's characters and technology to build contents, FJB's knowledge of the Web business, and Mitsuiwa's know-how of the construction and operation of information systems. As the first step, it will start an image contents distribution service for i-mode, "i-world masterpiece theater," on Nov. 6. It aims to get sales of 500 million yen for the initial year (Oct. 2000-Sept. 2001) and obtain 200,000 members. </div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B>QUALCOMM Expands Advantest's License for Current and Third-Generation CDMA Applications</B> </div> <div> SAN DIEGO, Oct. 12, 2000--QUALCOMM Incorporated, pioneer and world leader of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) digital wireless technology, today announced a multi-million dollar amendment extending Advantest's existing CDMA test equipment license agreement to include the use of certain QUALCOMM patents for the manufacture and supply of test products for current and third-generation (3G) CDMA and 1xEV (HDR) applications. </div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B>Mobile Operators in Race for GPRS Roll-Out</B></div> <div> Local mobile phone operators are racing to commercially launch general packet radio service (GPRS) networks by 2001, in a bid to gain first-mover advantage of the lucrative mobile-commerce pie.</div> <bR> <div> Five operators, <B>Time dotCom Bhd, Maxis Communications Bhd, Celcom (M) Sdn Bhd, Telekom Cellular Sdn Bhd and DiGi Telecommunications Bhd</B>, have announced trials between September and December.</div> <bR> <div> Time dotCom has set an ambitious target to roll-out by December and is investing about US$10 million to set up the network. Managing director Halim Saad said the company plans to become a leader in offering high-speed data access for mobile Internet users. "We believe we have the advantage since we have ample bandwidth on our trunk network and a 25MHz spectrum on our cellular system to support growing demand," Halim said.</div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B> <A NAME="points_to_ponder"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>Dream Phone ?</B></div> <div> I<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >n years to come, you'd need a handset that supports </FONT></div> <div> <B>2 GHz W-CDMA</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >, </FONT></div> <div> <B>2 GHz/800 MHz/1900 MHz cdma2000</B> <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >and </FONT></div> <div> <B>2 GHz/850 MHz/1900 MHz TDMA EDGE</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >, and </FONT></div> <div> <B>900 MHz/1800 MHz/1900 MHz GSM EDGE</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >, </FONT></div> <div> as well as </div> <div> <B>second generation</B></div> <div> <B>800 MHz/1900 MHz cdmaOne</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >, </FONT></div> <div> <B>900 MHz/1800 MHz/1900 MHz GSM</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >, and </FONT></div> <div> <B>850 MHz/1900 MHz TDMA</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >.</FONT></div> <bR> <div> Areas of potential co-operation being addressed by the companies are: mobile multimedia, wireless portal, common branding across markets, joint procurement of infrastructure equipment and handsets, joint R&D projects and applications development, 3G roaming across the parties' networks and shared customer service centres.</div> <div>  <A NAME="singtel_achievements"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="795" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#003300 HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="793"><div>  <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FFFFFF" FACE="Arial" ><B>SingTel Achievements</B></FONT></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <B>C2C signs MOU with PT Telkom Indonesia</B> </div> <div> C2C seeks to land cable in Indonesia and sell capacity to PT Telkom</div> <bR> <div> <B>Bali, 14 September 2000</B> - C2C Pte Ltd announced today that it has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (PT Telkom) to jointly explore the possibility of working together on the C2C cable network. C2C is a private submarine cable builder and operator spearheaded by Singapore Telecommunications Ltd (SingTel), while PT Telkom is the principal provider of local and domestic long distance telephone services in Indonesia.</div> <bR> <div> The MOU was signed in Bali by Mr Lim Shyong, Board Director of C2C and Executive Vice-President (Global Business) of SingTel; and Mr Muhammad Nazief, President Director and CEO of PT Telkom.</div> <bR> <div> Under the MOU, PT Telkom will seek the Indonesian government's approval for C2C to land its cable in Anyer, Java. PT Telkom will also be offered the opportunity to purchase capacity on the C2C cable network and take an equity stake in C2C.</div> <bR> <div> Mr Lim said, "Indonesia is an important destination for the C2C cable network and C2C is glad to welcome PT Telkom, an established operator in Indonesia, as our strategic partner in the country. This MOU also builds further on the working relationship between PT Telkom and SingTel, which dates back some 20 years.</div> <bR> <div> "Indonesia is a large country with a population of more than 200 million people, but telephone and Internet penetration rates here are still relatively low. We are convinced that this huge domestic market presents great potential for growth in Indonesia's telecommunications sector, which will lead to strong demand for bandwidth. With today's MOU, C2C aims to set up a permanent presence here to meet that demand."</div> <bR> <div> <B>About C2C</B></div> <div> The C2C cable network is one of the first private submarine cable systems in the Asia Pacific to cater to burgeoning demand for bandwidth brought on by explosive growth in Internet usage in the region. With a design capacity of 7.68 Terabits per second, the US$2 billion cable will also be one of the largest-capacity submarine cables in the world. </div> <bR> <div> C2C will build and operate the 17,000 km-long submarine cable on its own, and sell bandwidth on a wholesale basis to Internet Service Providers and other carriers. As an indicator of keen interest in the C2C cable network, the company has already secured capacity purchases worth more than US$1.4 billion in total. This represents slightly less than 40 per cent of the network's total capacity.</div> <bR> <div> The state-of-the-art fibre-optic C2C cable network will use the latest Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology to provide upgradeable transmission facilities which can be used for years to come. It will have a self-healing, highly-redundant ring configuration for greater network resilience and route diversity. This ring will connect Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, the Philippines, Singapore and, subject to regulatory approval, China.</div> <bR> <div> C2C will also work with telecommunications carriers in these countries to provide city-to-city (C2C) connectivity. One major advantage of this is that its customers will get direct links to the major business centres in the region instead of having to source for backhaul facilities themselves, which they would have had to do under the traditional shore-to-shore connectivity of other cables.</div> <bR> <div> The other shareholders of C2C include Globe Telecom of the Philippines, GNG Networks Inc of South Korea, iAdvantage of Hong Kong, the KDD Group of Japan, New Century Infocomm Company of Taiwan, Norwest Venture Partners of the United States and TyCom Asia Networks, a subsidiary of Tyco International of the USA.</div> <div> <B>Media contact:</B></div> <div> Lim Seng Jin</div> <div> Corporate Communications Manager</div> <div> Contact: 838 3682</div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B>SingTel to receive $859 million post-tax compensation</B> </div> <bR> <div> <B>Singapore, 11 Septemb</B><B>er 200</B><B>0</B> -- SingTel today announced that it will receive from the Singapore Government post-tax compensation of $859 million for the change in the regulatory environment as a result of the Government's decision to introduce full market liberalisation earlier on 1 April 2000. </div> <div> The lump sum payment represents the loss of net earnings resulting from the accelerated liberalisation timetable and was based on the difference in SingTel's projected earnings with and without the accelerated liberalisation. </div> <div> Lee Hsien Yang, SingTel's President and CEO, said: "The current competitive environment poses challenges for SingTel but we have been preparing for it for many years now. Over the years, we have invested significantly in our capabilities and infrastructure. This strategy has borne fruit today and has enabled us to gain from the booming demand for Internet and data services. Despite full competition since April, we are encouraged by our performance so far. </div> <div> "Going forward, SingTel will continue to embrace the competitive challenges, in Singapore and overseas. Our focus to enhance shareholder value remains. Our recent investments in India's Bharti Group and the C2C cable network are two good examples of how SingTel intends to ensure its long-term growth."<U> </U></div> <div> <B>Accounting treatment</B> </div> <div> In consultation with its auditors, SingTel has decided to accord the same accounting treatment to this compensation as it has done for the first compensation received in 1997, as both compensation payments are for the modification of SingTel's original licence and the earlier introduction of market liberalisation. </div> <div> SingTel will record the combined compensation as income on a straight line basis over seven years, commencing from 1 April 2000 until 31 March 2007, the date on which SingTel's exclusive licence was to have ended originally. Restatements will be made to the previously announced first quarter results for the impact of the adjustment arising from this compensation. </div> <div> <B>Special dividend</B></div> <div> SingTel continues to seek improvements to its capital structure. Even with investments that it will make in future, SingTel intends to distribute the compensation money to shareholders in the form of a special dividend. Details will be announced together with the group's half-year results in November. </div> <div> <B>Media Contact:</B></div> <div> Ivan Tan</div> <div> Director</div> <div> Corporate Communications</div> <div> Tel: 838 2007 </div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B>SingTel partners China Netcom Corporation to offer International frame relay service in China</B> </div> <bR> <div> <B>Singapore, 8 September 2000</B> - Singapore Telecom (SingTel), one of Asia's leading telecommunications companies, has formed a strategic alliance with China Netcom Corporation (CNC), a new generation Chinese state-owned telecommunication enterprise, to offer high quality intra-corporate communications services between China and major business destinations like Singapore, Hong Kong, Taipei, Sydney, London and New York. </div> <bR> <div> For a start, SingTel and CNC will jointly provide frame relay services to and from several cities in China including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. The service, marketed under a common brand name, ValueLink 2 ConnectPlus, is targeted at Chinese state-owned enterprises as well as multinationals and SMEs who have operations in China. SingTel and CNC will jointly market and distribute the service and expect revenues of up to US$40 million per annum over the next three years. The two companies will also explore providing other joint services.</div> <bR> <div> Customers can order the frame relay service through either SingTel or CNC. Both parties will provide end-to-end service including co-ordination with third party telecommunication providers, network planning and design, full technical support and providing a single bill. Customers seeking to establish intra-corporate communications networks to and from China will enjoy advantages currently not available on bilateral services. These include speed of installation, quality of service standards and global connectivity. </div> <bR> <div> The service will ride on both SingTel's global ConnectPlus network and CNC's ValueLink infrastructure in China. The ConnectPlus network covers more than 20 cities around the world while CNC's ValueLink service is based on China's most advanced IP backbone network -- CNCnet -- which covers 17 cities in China today and will be extended to 33 cities next year. Both SingTel and CNC have set up a node in Beijing and will have two more nodes, in Guangzhou and Shanghai, by the end of this year, to support the service. Both companies will also appoint, train and assign experienced personnel on the ground to provide helpdesk and technical support.</div> <bR> <div> "The Chinese telecommunications industry is undergoing tremendous change and competition, with more and more local players and foreign companies entering the market. The expansion of services is a crucial business strategy for China NetCom. Our frame relay service is widely used and this partnership with SingTel will satisfy our customers' need to expand their networks overseas. The joint service provides our customers with a network that is so reliable and secure that it is as good as owning it themselves," said Ms Cindy Xue, General Manager (Enterprise Solutions Business Unit) of China Netcom. </div> <bR> <div> "We are delighted to work with CNC in serving the communication needs of businesses in China. It is an important market for many of SingTel's multinational clients," said Mr Lim Chuan Poh, SingTel's Executive Vice-President of Corporate Business. "As the economies in Asia improve, there has been an increasing demand for well managed end-to-end network services. This presents an excellent opportunity for SingTel to extend our service offering and enhance our position as a `one-stop shop' for cost effective and quality solutions in the Asia Pacific. We will do this by working with partners such as CNC and by investing in our own infrastructure throughout the region."</div> <bR> <div> <B>About SingTel</B></div> <bR> <div> SingTel is Asia's leading telecommunications provider with a comprehensive portfolio of services that include voice and data services over fixed, wireless and Internet platforms. Serving both the corporate and residential markets, SingTel is committed to bringing the best of global communications to its Asia Pacific customers. It has built the infrastructure that has helped transform Singapore into a global hub and is today the country's largest company in terms of market capitalisation (about US$25 billion). The SingTel Group is expanding rapidly into overseas markets, with current investments worth about S$7 billion (US$4 billion) in more than 80 joint ventures and associated companies in 20 countries. With a heritage of over 120 years, SingTel aims to be the Asian partner of choice for telecommunications operators across the world. More information about SingTel can be found @ <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.singtel.com/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.singtel.com/"><U><U>http://www.singtel.com</U></U></A></FONT> </div> <bR> <div> About CNC</div> <bR> <div> China Netcom Corporation (CNC) was established with the support of the State Council and the Ministry of Information Industry. The founding shareholders are the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, the Ministry of Railways and the Shanghai Municipal Government. CNC has been created to build new generation telecommunications infrastructure and will provide a seamless platform for a range of integrated telecom services including data, voice, video, fax and other intelligent and value-added services. CNCnet is the first large scale, high-speed and broadband IP network of its kind in China. It is also a leader among global carriers in building a large scale high speed network which integrates both IP over DWDM and gigabit switching router technology. More information about CNC can be found @ <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.cnc.net.cn/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.cnc.net.cn/"><U><U>http://www.cnc.net.cn</U></U></A></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B>Media Contact:</B></div> <bR> <div> Foo Kim Leng (Ms)</div> <div> Senior Corporate Communications Manager</div> <div> Contact: 8382011</div> <bR> <div> <U>Annex 1</U></div> <div> <U>ValueLink 2 ConnectPlus Frame Relay</U></div> <div> ValueLink 2 ConnectPlus Frame Relay is a high performance and fast response data service that interconnects PCs, terminals, workstations and other intelligent devices. It is best suited for Local Area Networks (LAN) over Wide Area Networks (WAN).</div> <bR> <div> Frame Relay is the technology best suited to handle the peaks in the local area network traffic throughout the day. It works on a networking concept in which many users share one main communication channel. High data can be transferred at speeds of more than 64 kbps and works particularly well for data which travels in an irregular or "bursty" pattern. While most companies may require a low bandwidth for normal day-to-day operations, there are occasions when there are short databursts, like sending a huge file. The Committed Information Rate (CIR) that is specified at the time of subscription is able to transfer this data at a higher rate and there is no need to pay for the additional bandwidth used for the data surge.</div> <bR> <div> <U>How does it work?</U></div> <div> All that's needed is a single local access line and connections can then be made to multiple locations through ValueLink 2 ConnectPlus Frame Relay. Compared with traditional packet-switched service, it is faster and has a higher throughput and it offers a more economical alternative for point-to-point connection compared to leased circuits. </div> <bR> <div> <U>SingTel's ConnectPlus services </U></div> <div> SingTel Connect Plus is a single source of managed network solutions for businesses based in Asia Pacific ands beyond. It provides the convenience of network management and responsive support. A single order from SingTel is what it takes for a complete network. Business customers are relieved of co-ordination between different countries and multiple parties, hence more time to focus on their core business. The SingTel ConnectPlus complete suite of business solutions includes international leased circuits, frame relay, Internet Protocol and corporate voice services.</div> <div> <B> <A NAME="singtel_october2000"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> Airgateway and SingTel Mobile Sign Three Year Technology Partnership Deal Worth S$9 Million </div> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#800080" FACE="Arial" ><B>Singapore, 5 October 2000</B></FONT><B> </B>- Airgateway and SingTel Mobile, a unit of Singapore Telecom, world-class provider of domestic, international and mobile telecommunications, today announced a three year technology partnership worth S$9 million aimed at enhancing personal and office productivity. The first product to bear fruit out of this partnership is e-manager.</div> <bR> <div> Under the terms of the partnership, the two companies will jointly brand and launch publicly Airgateway's current and new wireless application protocol (WAP) products, in this case, e-manager. SingTel will harness Airgateway's technical expertise to provide consulting, customized enterprise solutions and integration services to SingTel's corporate customers, from airlines, banks, developers to logistics and oil companies etc. These include a shared meeting scheduler, leave planner, sales and logistics manager (inventory, price list, delivery schedule, customer database) and naturally wireless customer relationship management (CRM) solutions. </div> <bR> <div> Consumers also stand to gain from Airgateway's commitment to continuously add new products at no extra cost to paying e-manager subscribers. One such exciting new product currently on trial is MyPortal, a preference management engine that re-arranges and re-organises content according to user choice and needs. Users now have full control and quick access to their own customized contents, using minimal keystrokes and airtime. Airgateway will announce several other new product additions for e-manager users shortly. </div> <bR> <div> Lucas Chow, CEO of SingTel Mobile, elaborated that "E-ideas subscribers will shortly be able to group and organize their own WAP content, eg. MyChild for children education content and MyTravel for vacation content. With SingTel Mobile's network capable of supporting a data speed of 38.4kbps, currently the fastest available in Singapore, we hope that more customers will start to use wireless data communications to help manage their time better." </div> <div> "Airgateway's products minimizes laborious key entry, navigation and airtime. We help mobile operators enhance WAP user experience," emphasized Quak Ser Khoon, Airgateway's CEO. "Several regional operators and megaportals are conducting trials on Orktopas search engine, MyPortal and other licensed Airgateway products and we aim to expand our presence in these regional markets shortly". </div> <div> E-manager, a powerful office productivity tool, delivers to business users mobile connectivity to office and personal email, office and customer contact lists, favourite WAP sites and MyPortal. </div> <bR> <div> <B>E-mail</B> </div> <div> Allows users to read, compose, reply and send e-mails anytime and anywhere from SMTP and POP3 e-mail accounts. </div> <div> <B>Contacts</B></div> <div> A wireless phone, e-mail, and other contact information phonebook with massive storage capacity that allows users to retrieve, add, edit, delete or share with other e-manager users. </div> <div> <B>Favourites</B> </div> <div> A bookmarking engine that offers massive storage and organises users' favourite WAP content and applications.</div> <div> <B>Search</B></div> <div> Search brings users to more than 3000 managed WAP content and applications in Singapore and around the world through Airgateway's famed Orktopas WAP search engine. </div> <div> <B>MyPortal</B> </div> <div> A preference management engine that re-arranges and re-organises content according to user choices and needs. Users will have full control and quick access to customised content by selecting their preferred links and creating their very own categories. Users can also compose their own welcome message and pictorial greeting.</div> <div> All e-manager applications have a in-built media sensitive component that allows them to run on various mobile devices, regardless of brand and model of WAP mobile phones, PDAs and Pocket PCs. However, consumers wishing to sign-up for e-manager should already own a WAP device and subscribe to e-ideas. They can then register for e-manager via the Web or WAP registration page. </div> <div> SingTel's technology partnership unleases Airgateway's "best of breed" WAP solutions to a wide base of more than 50,000 e-ideas subscribers and accelerates adoption of WAP and wireless solutions in both corporate and consumer markets. Business managers today no longer need to rely on on-duty personnel or terminals in a fixed office location to retrieve critical information. Airgateway's mobile solutions offer a single point capture of information and mobile retrieval. The fully mobile office is now a reality. </div> <bR> <div> <B>About Airgateway </B></div> <div> Airgateway is a leading wireless solutions house based in Singapore. It offers WAP, SMS and voice solutions, WAP gateways and development tools; and partners MNCs and large IT solutions houses in Singapore and international WAP tenders. It has its own proprietary AirWinners™ applications, media sentive intelligent agent (MSIA) middleware, AirVertisements™advertising engine and MyPortal preference management engine. With SingTel as its 24% shareholder, Airgateway and SingTel Mobile recently signed a three year technology partnership which offers e-manager to SingTel's 50,000 current e-ideas users and Airgateway's customized enterprise solutions to SingTel's large base of corporate customers. Several regional mobile operators and megaportals are conducting trials on Orktopas search engine, MyPortal and other licensed Airgateway products. Airgateway expects to expand its presence in regional markets over next 6 months. For more information, please visit the company web site at <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="file:///C:/WINDOWS/TEMP/www.airgateway.com" TARGET="_top" TITLE="file:///C:/WINDOWS/TEMP/www.airgateway.c"><U><U>www.airgateway.com</U></U></A></FONT>. </div> <bR> <div> <B>About SingTel</B></div> <bR> <div> SingTel is a world-class provider of domestic, international and mobile telecommunications as well as postal services. Turnover and net profit for the SingTel group in 1999/2000 were S$4.87 billion (US$2.86 billion) and S$1.85 billion (US$1.09 billion) respectively. Listed on the Singapore Exchange since November 1993, SingTel is Singapore's largest company and one of Asia's largest in terms of market capitalisation (about US$22 billion). The Group has subsidiaries whose businesses include mobile phone and paging services, publishing, consultancy, postal services, investments, repair of submarine cables and sale of telecommunications equipment. For more information, please visit the company web site at <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.singtel.com/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.singtel.com/"><U><U>www.singtel.com</U></U></A></FONT>.</div> <div> For further information please contact:</div> <bR> <div> Caroline de Guzman</div> <div> Corporate Communications Executive</div> <div> Airgateway.com Pte Ltd</div> <div> Tel: +65 325-2636</div> <div> Fax: +65 227-9013</div> <div> Mobile: +65 9824-1804</div> <div> E-mail: <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="file:///C:/WINDOWS/TEMP/carolinedg@airgateway.com" TARGET="_top" TITLE="file:///C:/WINDOWS/TEMP/carolinedg@airga"><U><U>carolinedg@airgateway.com</U></U></A></FONT></div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B>SingTel launches Singapore's first intelligent broadband IP network</B> </div> <div> <I><B>ConnectPlus IP-VPN </B></I><B>available nationwide now, and worldwide by end-2000</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>Singapore, 5 October 2000</B> - SingTel is proud to launch today the first intelligent broadband Internet Protocol (IP) network in Singapore, to meet all the intra- and inter-corporate communications needs of its business customers. This nationwide network provides customers with a single high-performance, cost-effective and secure connection to the Internet, Intranet and Extranet - acting as a Virtual Private Network (VPN) providing dedicated access between remote offices of a single company, or between companies.</div> <bR> <div> Called <I>ConnectPlus IP-VPN</I>, this network will ride on SingTel's broadband IP network, which can operate at speeds of more than 600 times faster than conventional networks. These blindingly-fast speeds are designed to meet the increasingly bandwidth-intensive and complex networking requirements of businesses in Singapore as they step up their globalisation drive. This includes providing a secure network that can be accessed by the companies' employees travelling round the world, and home office and remote branch users who require a connection to their corporate Local Area Network.</div> <bR> <div> <I>ConnectPlus IP-VPN</I> was developed using the latest intelligent Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) technology, to enhance security and enable companies to prioritise which data traffic should be delivered first. The use of MPLS also gives <I>ConnectPlus IP-VPN</I> the scalability to support up to tens of thousands of VPNs.</div> <div> To enable customers' applications to run at optimal performance, <I>ConnectPlus IP-VPN</I> will be introducing differentiated classes of service by the end of this year to meet customers' differing application requirements. And to cater to its business customers who require such a service throughout the region, SingTel will extend <I>ConnectPlus IP-VPN</I> to Australia, Hongkong, Japan, the United Kingdom and United States by the end of this year, and to other Asia Pacific countries next year.</div> <bR> <div> Security and quality of service are guaranteed as the network operates on SingTel's own managed IP infrastructure, built on dedicated links to SingTel <I>ConnectPlus' </I>reach to 21 cities in 19 countries worldwide, and is monitored on a 24 x 7 basis. </div> <div> Mr Lim Shyong, SingTel Executive Vice-President (Global Business), said, "By being the first to launch an intelligent broadband IP network in Singapore, SingTel proves yet again that it is both the technology and market leader for the infocommunications industry here. As the established carrier trusted by residents and businesses in Singapore for decades, we are committed to making our quality services available to everyone, </div> <div> not just certain segments of the population.</div> <bR> <div> "Analysts have estimated that the IP market for the Asia Pacific will reach US$500 million a year by 2002, and <I>ConnectPlus IP-VPN</I> aims to capture at least 15 per cent of this. This is yet another initiative that SingTel is taking to ramp up its Internet and data business, as we are convinced that this area will contribute more and more to our earnings in future."</div> <div> Singapore Bus Services (SBS), Singapore's premier public bus operator, has been using SingTel's <I>ConnectPlus IP-VPN</I> network solution on a trial basis for a month. Ms Esther Yap, Vice-President of Information Technology at SBS, said, "Information Technology is a critical infrastructure which supports our mission of providing a world-class public transport service. With close to 40 bus parks, interchanges and terminals across Singapore, it is more cost-effective to implement a secure network solution by adopting SingTel's <I>ConnectPlus IP-VPN</I>, even after improving the network bandwidth.</div> <bR> <div> "<I>ConnectPlus IP-VPN</I> also presents SBS with a simpler network infrastructure. This translates into less equipment maintenance. More importantly, it improves our operational efficiency as there are fewer possible points of failure in the network. A simpler network infrastructure also makes it easier for disaster recovery planning. As SBS continues to grow, a network infrastructure that can grow and adapt rapidly to business dynamics is important. <I>ConnectPlus IP-VPN</I> can provide such a competitive advantage to SBS."</div> <div> <B>Media contact:</B></div> <div> Lim Seng Jin</div> <div> Corporate Communications Manager</div> <div> Tel: 838 3682 </div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B>SingTel launches high speed GigaWave solution</B> </div> <div> Data transmission rate of 2.5 gigabits per second</div> <bR> <div> <B>Singapore, 20 October 2000 - </B>SingTel today launched an optical network, SingTel GigaWave, which promises transmission speeds of up to 2.5 gigabits per second with higher speeds of 10 gigabits to be available next year. SingTel will invest at least $30 million over the next three years to provide this service. </div> <bR> <div> GigaWave is a Metropolitan Optical Networking solution for organisations that need a reliable network to support high speed, mission critical applications. The almost unlimited amount of bandwidth capacity enables swift transmission of voice, data and video applications as well as flexible connections and protection. SingTel is among the first in Asia to offer this unique solution to corporate customers. </div> <bR> <div> The Development Bank of Singapore (DBS) is the first customer to use GigaWave, which will provide the bandwidth needed for its business expansion. SingTel GigaWave is currently used to link DBS' two data centers in Singapore. The network supports the bank's data storage, backup and SAN (Storage Area Network) infrastructure. </div> <bR> <div> "A uniquely customised product such as SingTel GigaWave allows us to have a strong competitive edge. It is cost-effective as we do not need to invest in new hardware for additional bandwidth. This turns our capital expenditure to monthly operational expenses," said Mr Steven Say, DBS' Senior Manager of Global Network Infrastructure.</div> <bR> <div> While allowing speedy transmission of data, voice, video and other information types over the optical network, SingTel GigaWave is also able to cater for greater bandwidth without installing new fibres. This enables DBS to scale its network infrastructure even further.</div> <bR> <div> GigaWave is part of SingTel's overall strategy to build up its broadband capability to support its customer needs and provide end-to-end management service. Mr Lim Eng, SingTel's Vice President of Corporate Products, said, "The ubiquity of Internet has led to a proliferation of applications like data storage, data centers, web and application hosting, online transactions, interactive video and many other multi-media applications. This has driven up demands for higher bandwidth for data transmission. </div> <bR> <div> "GigaWave is a fully managed solution and to use this service, our customers need not invest in new technologies or replace their existing network equipment which can be very costly. In addition, GigaWave supports Service Level Guarantees (SLG) and commits to Quality of Service (QoS) standards. Our customers will be ensured of a service that is not only reliable but will help them to save costs in the long run."</div> <bR> <div> GigaWave uses DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing), an optical switching technology to transport huge amounts of information simultaneously using light waves over SingTel's extensive fibre infrastructure. DWDM technology has been used extensively in long haul transmission networks, like submarine cables and now, it is technologically possible to deploy it on a metropolitan scale in a very cost effective manner.</div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B>SingTel commits $500,000 to bridge digital divide </B></div> <div> <I>2,500 families supported by self-help groups first to benefit</I> </div> <bR> <div> <B>Singapore, 18 October 2000</B> - SingTel is pleased to announce its sponsorship of over $500,000 to help bridge digital divide in Singapore. To kick-start the initiative, 2,500 families, supported by self-help groups, will join the growing number of Net surfers in Singapore. </div> <div> SingTel's sponsorship will cover the telephone charges incurred when these families access the Internet using mysingtel service. Each family is given 15 hours toll-free Internet access each month for six months. </div> <bR> <div> Mr Lucas Chow, SingTel's Executive Vice President of Consumer Business, said, "The Internet is fast becoming an integral part of Singaporeans' lifestyle. Everyone should be given an opportunity to experience the Internet and benefit from its rich content and capabilities. When we launched mysingtel last year, we wanted to bring the benefits of the Internet to as many people as possible. However, there may be some who need a little more assistance to get on the bandwagon. </div> <bR> <div> "We think that this community effort to help these families is timely. SingTel is glad to be able to help kick-start this group's journey into the world of the Net and email which is essential in this new age economy." </div> <bR> <div> About SingTel SingTel is Asia's leading telecommunications provider with a comprehensive portfolio of services that include voice and data services over fixed, wireless and Internet platforms. Serving both the corporate and residential markets, SingTel is committed to bringing the best of global communications to its Asia Pacific customers. It has built the infrastructure that has helped transform Singapore into a global hub and is today the country's largest company in terms of market capitalisation (about US$25 billion). The SingTel Group is expanding rapidly into overseas markets, with current investments of about S$5 billion (US$2.9 billion) in more than 80 joint ventures and associated companies in 20 countries. With a heritage of over 120 years, SingTel aims to be the Asian partner of choice for telecommunications operators across the world. More information about SingTel can be found @ http://www.singtel.com. </div> <bR> <div> About mysingtel</div> <div> <I>mysingtel</I> is a free Internet access service with 20Mb web-based e-mail and 12Mb personal home page storage capacity provided at no charge by SingTel. SingTel's portal, <U>www.mysingtel.com.sg,</U> is powered by LycosAsia, a joint venture between SingTel and Lycos, Inc. of the USA. </div> <bR> <div> <B>For further information, please contact:</B></div> <div> Mrs Lim Ooi Ying</div> <div> Senior Corporate Communications Manager</div> <div> Tel: 838 2006</div> <div> <B>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B> <A NAME="impact_of_the_proposed_introduction_of"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>Impact of the Proposed Introduction of 3 MHz and 5 MHz Bandwidths to the Non-licensed 2.4 MHz Band</B> </div> <div> 6/19/2000 <I>By: Jim Wight, Conexant Systems, Inc.</I> </div> <div> <I><B>This is the first in a series of bi-monthly columns from Philsar engineers on Bluetooth related issues. The column will be published in the middle of every-other-month, starting with this month’s installment.</B></I> </div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Contents</U></B></div> <div> <A HREF="#fre" TITLE="Points to Ponder"><U><U>Frequency of collision </U></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#ber" TITLE="Points to Ponder"><U><U>BER and compression </U></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#onc" TITLE="Points to Ponder"><U><U>On-channel spectral densities </U></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#adj" TITLE="Points to Ponder"><U><U>Adjacent channel interference </U></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#cons" TITLE="Points to Ponder"><U><U>Consequences and corrective measures </U></U></A></div> <bR> <div> In recent years the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has permitted the operation of non-licensed radio frequency devices in the 2.4 GHz band, at higher power levels than are permissible at other frequency bands, based on a requirement for the use of spread spectrum signaling. The use of spread spectrum signaling not only minimizes the interference to other authorized services; it also minimizes the interference from such services to itself. As a result, great interest and activity has culminated in industry-led standardization, such as Bluetooth. </div> <div> Under the existing regulations, a frequency hopping spread spectrum system operating in the 2.4 GHz band must use at least 75 hopping frequencies, with a 20 dB hopping channel bandwidth of 1 MHz. Further, the maximum radiated power must not exceed 1 W, and the average time of occupancy on any frequency must not exceed 400 msec. within a 30-second period. </div> <div> In order to be facilitating high-speed data links for applications such as wireless LANs, the FCC is considering increases to 3 MHz and 5 MHz bandwidths. However the impact of more frequent collisions (due to the wider bandwidths and faster hopping rates) and higher interfering power-spectral-densities on the present 1 MHz systems must be considered. </div> <div> While the business opportunity of increased channel bandwidths is clearly evident, the compatibility of such bandwidths with the present 1 MHz bandwidth systems requires further investigation. In addition to the increased bandwidths, the proposed FCC rule change includes tighter restrictions on the radiated power and average time of occupancy. A summary is given in Table 1. </div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="20a31730.gif" border=0 width="305" height="115" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div>  <A NAME="fre"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A><B>Frequency of collision </B></div> <div> The frequency of collisions between a 3 or 5 MHz signal and a 1 MHz signal is a concern. From Table 1, we see that the percentage time occupancy of a 3 or 5 MHz signal on a specific channel remains the same as that for the 1 MHz signal. For example, for the 5 MHz signal, 20 msec. occupancy / 1.5 sec. period remains 0.0133, the same as for the 1 MHz signal. </div> <div> However, the true measure of frequency of collision is obtained from the relative bandwidths and the relative hop duration of the 3 or 5 MHz signal as compared to the 1 MHz signal. Since the new bandwidth signals occupy three or five times the bandwidth of the 1 MHz signal, they will have three or five times the probability of colliding with (a portion of the spectrum of) the 1 MHz signal. Further, if the new bandwidth signals employ faster hop rates, then they will have a higher probability of colliding with (a portion of the duration of) a 1 MHz signal hop. </div> <div> For example, if a new 3 MHz bandwidth signal hops at three times the rate of a 1 MHz signal, then there is 3 x 3 = 9 times the opportunity to collide at least once with a portion of an individual hop of the 1 MHz signal. </div> <bR> <div>  <A NAME="ber"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A><B>BER and compression </B></div> <div> In addition to affecting bit-error-rate performance, the 3 and 5 MHz signals can also cause compression of the desired receiver through IP2 mechanisms, resulting in a DC-compensation requirement. With the increase in the frequency of collisions during an individual hop, some Bluetooth solutions may not be able to maintain their averaged BER performance, while other solutions may not be able to cope with the increased demand for DC compensation. </div> <bR> <div>  <A NAME="onc"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A><B>On-channel spectral densities </B></div> <div> From Table 1 it can be seen that, if a (on-channel) collision does occur between a 3 or 5 MHz signal and a 1 MHz signal, the effect of that collision on the 1 MHz signal will be less than that of a collision with another 1 MHz signal. This is due to the decrease in maximum radiated power of the 3 or 5 MHz signal, and to the reduction in power spectral density resulting from the increased bandwidth. </div> <div> For example, if a collision with a 5 MHz signal occurs, its interfering power is 1/5th that of another 1 MHz signal. Further only 1/5th of its interfering power exists in the 1 MHz band of the 1 MHz signal. Hence its interference effect is 1/25th that of another 1 MHz signal, assuming the same distances and propagation effects. </div> <div> Table 2 compares the reduction in interference effect of the 3 MHz and 5 MHz signals as compared to another 1 MHz signal. </div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="20b255d0.gif" border=0 width="293" height="93" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div>  <A NAME="adj"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A><B>Adjacent channel interference </B></div> <div> For adjacent channel signals, the width and shape of the power-spectral-density of the 3 or 5 MHz signal must be considered with respect to that for a 1MHz signal as shown in Figure 1. A 5 MHz signal will have significantly more power in the adjacent band than will a 1 MHz signal. Simulations have shown that to maintain the same bit error rate performance, a 3 or 5 MHz signal should intersect with the desired signal at virtually the same power spectral density value as occurs with a 1 MHz signal. This translates into a power reduction requirement of typically 12 dB for a 3 MHz signal in the adjacent channel, and of typically 17 dB for a 5 MHz signal in the adjacent channel as compared with a 1 MHz signal. </div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="20cf8130.gif" border=0 width="248" height="275" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <I><B>Figure 1: 1 MHz Bluetooth Signal Spectrum </B></I></div> <bR> <div>  <A NAME="cons"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A><B>Consequences and corrective measures </B></div> <div> The proposed reductions in power levels for the 3 MHz and 5 MHz signals result in adjacent channel interference levels that fall short of what is required by typically 2.5 to 3.0 dB. This, combined with the increase in collision rates, may render some Bluetooth solutions inoperable. </div> <div> If the proposed FCC Notice of Proposed Rule Making is adopted, care must be taken to counter such collisions as best as possible. Linear receivers having high compression points and good filter roll-offs could be incorporated into the RF circuitry, all-be-it with higher DC current draw. Also techniques such as symbol interleaving and symbol repetition, combined with convolutional coding could be used. </div> <bR> <div> <B>About the author:</B></div> <div> Jim Wight is a Senior Radio Architect for Conexant Systems Inc. In addition to his work with Conexant, Wight is a professor of engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario Canada.</div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="useful_diagrams_and_illustrations_on"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="801" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#003300 HEIGHT= 20 ><NOBR><div>  <B>Useful Diagrams and Illustrations on the Development and Introduction of W-CDMA</B> </div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> 10/09/2000 <I>By: Rayner Ng</I> </div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Architecture of CPU S/W</U></B></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="21c18780.jpg" border=0 width="536" height="376" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Block Diagram of LSI for W-CDMA</U></B><B><U> </U></B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="21d6bc30.jpg" border=0 width="875" height="451" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>