3G Market Overview and Technology Basics

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0><script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-47423994-1', 'fortunecity.ws'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <center> <br> <div> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="http://ad.broadcaststation.net/ads/show_ad.php?width=728&height=90"></script> </div> </center> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0 height="100%"><tr> <td valign="top" width=190 BGCOLOR="#00BF00" TEXT="#F7F7FF" bgproperties="fixed" background="19b87793.jpg"> <div> 3G Market Overview and Technology Basics</div> <div> <A HREF="id24.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Wideband CDMA "><U>back to Wideband CDMA</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#path_to_next_generation_with_cdma_" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>Path to Next Generation with CDMA</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#claimed_differences_of_w_cdma" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>Claimed Differences of W-CDMA</U></A> </div> <div>  <A HREF="id51_m.htm#wcdma_and_cdma2000_comparison" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>WCDMA and cdma2000 comparison</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#deployment_scenarios_in_different_bands" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U><B>Deployment scenarios in different bands</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#gsm_derivatives" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>GSM Derivatives</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#is_136_tdma_rtt__tr45_3_uwc___136_" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>IS-136 TDMA RTT (TR45.3 UWC - 136)</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#is_95_wideband_cdma_rtt_proposals__tr" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>IS-95 Wideband CDMA RTT Proposals(TR45.5 cdma2000 & Global CDMA I)</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#w_cdma_rtt_proposals__w_cdma_utra" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U><B>W-CDMA RTT Proposals (W-CDMA, UTRA, AW-CDMA, TR46.1 WIMS, and W-CDMA/NA)</B></U></A></div> <div> <B>_____________________</B></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#cdma2000_key_terms" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U><B>cdma2000 Key Terms</B></U></A></div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#cdma2000_forward_channels__sr3_" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>cdma2000 Forward Channels (SR3)</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#cdma2000_reverse_link_channels__sr3__1" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>cdma2000 Reverse Link Channels (SR3)</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#cdma2000_spreading_codes_1_2" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>cdma2000 Spreading Codes</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#effects_of_using_variable_length_walsh_3" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>Effects of Using Variable Length Walsh</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#third_generation__cdma2000__summary" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>Third generation (cdma2000) Summary</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#cdmaconclusions" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>cdma2000 Conclusions</U></A></div> <div> _____________________</div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#etsi_w_cdmakey_terms" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>ETSI W-CDMA Key Terms</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#etsi_w_cdma_physical_downlink_channels" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>ETSI W-CDMA Physical Downlink Channels</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#etsi_w_cdma_physical_uplink_channels" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>ETSI W-CDMA Physical Uplink CHannels</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id51_m.htm#etsi_w_cdma_spreading_codes_" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="3G Market Overview and Technology Basics"><U>ETSI W-CDMA Spreading Codes</U></A></div> <div> _____________________</div> </td> <td valign="top" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#003333" FACE="Arial" ><IMG SRC="13b6d2b0.gif" border=0 width="365" height="43" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></FONT>    |  <B> </B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#3366FF" FACE="Arial" ><B>  </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Lemonrain_First_Page"><U><B>home</B></U></A></FONT></div> <div> <A HREF="id87.htm" TARGET="_top" 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HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="576" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 ><NOBR><div> <B>  </B><B>IMT-2000 Radio Transmission Technology (RTT) Proposals</B>             <A HREF="http://www.itu.int/imt/2-radio-dev/rtt/index.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.itu.int/imt/2-radio-dev/rtt/i"><U>ITU website</U></A>       </div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div>                                                                                         <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Verdana" >    </FONT></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="564" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 13 WIDTH="128"><div> Organisation</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="171"><div> Proposal ID</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="249"><div> Service Environment</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 27 WIDTH="128"><div> <B>ARIB/ Japan</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="171"><div> W-CDMA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="249"><div> indoor, outdoor  to indoor pedestrian, vehicular</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 27 WIDTH="128"><div> <B>ESA/ European Space Agency</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="171"><div> SW-CDMA</div> <div> SW-CTDMA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="249"><div> satellite</div> <div> satellite</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 27 WIDTH="128"><div> <B>ICO Global Communications</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="171"><div> ICO</div> <bR> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="249"><div> satellite</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 27 WIDTH="128"><div> <B>CATT/ China</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="171"><div> TD-SCDMA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="249"><div> indoor, outdoor  to indoor pedestrian, vehicular</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 67 WIDTH="128"><div> <B>TTA/ Republic of Korea</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> Global CDMA I</div> <div> AW-CDMA (Global CDMA II)</div> <div> Satellite Component</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="249"><div> indoor, outdoor  to indoor pedestrian, vehicular</div> <div> indoor, outdoor  to indoor pedestrian, vehicular</div> <div> satellite</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 27 WIDTH="128"><div> <B>ETSI Project DECT/ Europe</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="171"><div> EP-DECT</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> indoor, outdoor  to indoor pedestrian</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 27 WIDTH="128"><div> <B>ETSI/ SMG/ SMG2/ Europe</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="171"><div> UTRA</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="249"><div> indoor, outdoor  to indoor pedestrian, vehicular</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 54 WIDTH="128"><div> <B>TIA/ USA</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="171"><div> TR45.3: UWC-136</div> <div> TR45.5: cdma2000</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="249"><div> indoor, outdoor  to indoor pedestrian, vehicular</div> <div> indoor, outdoor  to indoor pedestrian, vehicular</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 27 ><NOBR><div> <B>T1P1-ATIS/ USA</B></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> TR46.1: WIMS (W-CDMA)</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="249"><div> indoor, outdoor  to indoor pedestrian, vehicular</div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 13 WIDTH="128"><div> <B>Inmarsat</B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="171"><div> Horizons</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="249"><div> satellite</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div>  <A NAME="path_to_next_generation_with_cdma_"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="589" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="587"><div>   <B>Path to Next Generation with CDMA</B>      <A HREF="http://www.itu.int/imt/2-radio-dev/rtt/index.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.itu.int/imt/2-radio-dev/rtt/i"><U>ITU website</U></A>       </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.cdg.org/features/CDMASeminar/Viterbi/index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.cdg.org/features/CDMASeminar/"><U><I>http://www.cdg.org/features/CDMASeminar/Viterbi/index.htm</I></U></A></div> <div> Major attributes of CDMA:- </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Universal frequency reuse</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Fast and accurate Power Control</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Constructive Combining of Multipath by RAKE receivers</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Seamless soft-Handover</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Autonomous capacity Increases for variable Rate Transmission</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Natural and seamless exploitation of sectored and adaptive beam forming antennas</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Capacity increase with Forward Error Correction without overhead penalty</div> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="claimed_differences_of_w_cdma"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="594" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="592"><div> <B>  Claimed Differences of W-CDMA</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Wider Bandwidth</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Underlying Network Infrastructure (GSM Protocols)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Packet Data</div> <div> But `Major Attributes' apply for <B>ANY Bandwidth</B> and are independent of Network Structure or Switching</div> <div>  Protocols.</div> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="wcdma_and_cdma2000_comparison"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="598" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="596"><div> <B>  </B><B>WCDMA and cdma2000 comparison</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div>                    <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="‚l‚r ‚oƒSƒVƒbƒN" ><IMG SRC="061b17d0.gif" border=0 width="433" height="381" ALT="Microsoft Excel Ü°¸¼°Ä" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></FONT></div> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="gsm_derivatives"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="609" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="607"><div> <B>  </B><B>GSM Derivatives</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> Properties of GSM used </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">200kHz channels</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">GMSK</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">122kbps (8 slots)</div> <bR> <div> Enhancement: EDGE</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">8-PSK</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Gross rate 553.6 kbps (8 slots)</div> <bR> <div> Feasibility studies still being conducted</div> <div>  <A NAME="is_136_tdma_rtt__tr45_3_uwc___136_"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="618" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="616"><div> <B>  </B><B>IS-136 TDMA RTT (TR45.3 UWC - 136)</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> Today's IS-136</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">30kHz channels</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Pi/4 DQPSK</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Provides up to 28.8 kbps (3 slots)</div> <bR> <div> First Enhancement: IS-136+</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">8-PSK modulation</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Provides up to 43.2kbps (3 slots)</div> <bR> <div> Second Enhancement: IS-136HS</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">200kHz channels</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">8-PSK</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Provides up to 521.6kbps (8 slots)</div> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="is_95_wideband_cdma_rtt_proposals__tr"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="621" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 ><NOBR><div> <B>  </B><B>IS-95 Wideband CDMA RTT Proposals (TR 45.5 cdma2000 & Global CDMA I)</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> Generally referred to as cdma2000</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Extension of IS-95B CDMA </div> <div>         - Smooth 3G upgrade path for IS-95 CDMA service providers </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Offers direct spread & multi-carrier - Three 1.25MHz wide subcarriers allow overlays with IS-95B or IS-95C</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">3.6864 MHz chip rate, 5MHz channels</div> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="w_cdma_rtt_proposals__w_cdma_utra"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="623" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 ><NOBR><div> <B>  </B><B>W-CDMA RTT Proposals (W-CDMA, UTRA, AW-CDMA, TR46.1 WIMS, and W-CDMA/NA)</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Proposed by major standardisation bodies in all 3 ITU regions</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Eventual standard for GSM and PDC</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">ARIB, ETSI, TTA, & T1 to converge proposals through 3GPP</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Direct spread, 4.096 MHz chip rate, 5MHz channels</div> <div>  <A NAME="deployment_scenarios_in_different_bands"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="628" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="626"><div> <B>  </B><B>Deployment scenarios in different bands</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> First, WCDMA proponents claim that the WCDMA chip rate provides as much as a 10% capacity improvement over </div> <div> that of cdma2000. This should be examined under a realistic scenario of how the technology will be deployed, and </div> <div> must include all factors affecting system performance. While some operators will deploy 3G in as little as 5 MHz of </div> <div> spectrum many will use allocations of 10, 15, or 20 MHz. </div> <bR> <div> This is important since it is the usable spectrum, in conjunction with chip rate, which affects capacity. Figures 1-3 </div> <div> illustrate the deployment scenarios for cdma2000 and WCDMA in 10, 15, and 20 MHz bands respectively. Even with </div> <div> the required guard bands as verified in todayfs operational cdmaOne systems, greater overall capacity is achieved </div> <div> with a mixture of cdma2000 1X and 3X channels as compared with using WCDMA channels. With that configuration it</div> <div>  can be shown that up to 13% capacity improvement is achievable in a 20 MHz deployment.</div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1323cff0.gif" border=0 width="572" height="255" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>Figure 1 Deployment scenario for cdma2000 and WCDMA in a 2x 10 MHz operation</B></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="133cf040.gif" border=0 width="463" height="260" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>Figure 2. Deployment scenario for cdma2000 and WCDMA in a 2x 15 MHz operation</B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="13405ed0.gif" border=0 width="517" height="237" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>Figure 3. Deployment scenario for cdma2000 and WCDMA in a 2x 20 MHz operation</B></div> <bR> <div> The required Eb/No value depends on frame structure, coding and modulation characteristics, diversity techniques </div> <div> and channel model. The small difference in chip rate between 3.6864 Mcps and 4.096 Mcps has negligible impact on</div> <div>  the Eb/No requirement.</div> <bR> <div> Instead, other system designs such as channel structure (including pilot structure), power control mechanisms,</div> <div>  diversity techniques, handoff efficiency, and base station synchronization have a much greater impact on system </div> <div> capacity. </div> <bR> <div> More information, go to <A HREF="http://www.cellular.co.za/cdma_w_paper.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.cellular.co.za/cdma_w_paper.h"><U><I>http://www.cellular.co.za/cdma_w_paper.htm</I></U></A></div> <div>  <A NAME="cdma2000_key_terms"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="642" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="640"><div> <B>  </B><B>cdma2000 Key Terms</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Bit - Fundamental information unit (input data)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Symbol - Grouping of data bits based on modulation.  Occurs after encoding, interleaving, symbol repeater (prior to spreading)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Chip - One bit at the final spread rate</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Spread Rate (SR)  - Defines the final spreading rate in terms of 1.2288Mcps</div> <div> - SR3 system = 3 x 1.2288 or 3.6864 Mcps system</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Radio Configuration (RC)  - Defines a grouping of data rates derived from their      </div> <div> fundamental rate</div> <div> - RCs are associated with specific Spread Rates</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Channels - Physical, logical, transport dedicated, common, traffic, control</div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="685" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 306 WIDTH="679"><div> <B><U> <A NAME="cdma2000_forward_channels__sr3_"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  </B><B>cdma2000 Forward Channels (SR3)</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <I><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">F-Pilot</B></I> (Using cdma2000 Coding)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Up to 1 <I><B>F-Wideband Sync</B></I> (using cdma2000 Coding)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Up to 7 <I><B>F-Wideband Paging</B></I> (using cdma2000 Coding)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">0 or More <I><B>F-CCCH </B></I>(Common Control Channels)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">0 or More <I><B>F-DCCH</B></I> (Dedicated Control Channels)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Many F-Traffic Channels, Each consisiting of: </div> <div> - 1 F-FCH (Fundamental Channel) Primary Channel, usually voice</div> <div> - 0 to 2 F-SCH (Supplemental Channels) Carries High Speed Data</div> <div>  <A NAME="cdma2000_reverse_link_channels__sr3__1"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  </B><B>cdma2000 Reverse Link Channels (SR3)</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Uses the R-CCCH (Common Control Channel) for access</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Each Mobile transmits several channels:</div> <div> - 1 R-Pilot (Reverse Pilot) Includes Power Control Sub-Channel</div> <div> -0 or 1 R-DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel) Provides rate and signaling information</div> <div> - 1 R-FCH (Reverse Fundamental Channel) Primary Channel, usually voice</div> <div> - 0 to 2 R-SCHs (Reverse Supplemental Channels) Carries High Speed Data</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Mobile Functions as a Multi-Channel Transmitter</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <B> <A NAME="cdma2000_spreading_codes_1_2"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="686" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="684"><div> <B>  cdma2000 Spreading Codes</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Walsh codes</div> <div> - Up to 256 orthogonal codes used for channelisation</div> <div> - Variable in length, depending on the data rate</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Short codes</div> <div> - 15 bit code generator used for BS to MS only</div> <div> - Provides unique BS identification with time "PN" offset </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Long code</div> <div> - 42 bit code generator used for MS to BS and BS to MS signals</div> <div> - Provides unique MS identification</div> <div> - Provides voice security</div> <div>  <A NAME="effects_of_using_variable_length_walsh_3"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="692" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="690"><div> <B>  Effects of Using Variable Length Walsh Codes for Spreading</B> </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Using shorter Walsh codes precludes using all longer codes derived from the original </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a000000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Shorter codes on a branch map into longer codes</div> <div>  <A NAME="third_generation__cdma2000__summary"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="695" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="693"><div> <B>  Third generation (cdma2000) Summary</B> </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Provides IS-95 backward compatibility to a large installed worldwide user base with graceful evolution to higher rates</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Builds upon a large proven standards base to minimise risk and speed implementation of 3G</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Has coherent forward and reverse links with fast power control to provide a low Eb/No, larger range, and higher capacity</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Minimises biomedical interference (e.g. to hearing aids and pacemakers)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Supports multiple codecs (e.g., EVRC)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">System may be optimised separately for both voice and high-speed data</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Supports multi-environment operation even within 1.25MHz bandwidth</div> <div>  <A NAME="cdmaconclusions"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="695" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="693"><div> <B>  cdma2000 Conclusions</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">cdma2000 is backwards compatible with TIA/EIA-95-B</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Provides 2x capacity improvement over TIA/EIA-95-B    -improved coding</div> <div> -improved modulation</div> <div> -coherent reverse link demodulation (mobile pilot)</div> <div> -fast forward link power control</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Has options for green field and overlay operation:-direct spread for green field spectrum applications</div> <div>   -multi-carrier option for overlay with TIA/EIA-95-B</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Supports highg speed data for new applications</div> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="etsi_w_cdmakey_terms"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="698" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="696"><div> <B>  ETSI W-CDMA Key Terms</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Bit - Fundamental information unit (input data)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Symbol - Grouping of data bits based on modulation.  Occurs after encoding, interleaving, symbol repeater (prior to spreading)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Chip - Minimum bit period of final spread data</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Channels    - Physical : transmitted in air, defined by frequency and code </div> <div> - Transport : defined by how data is sent</div> <div> - Logical : defined by the type of data</div> <div>  <A NAME="etsi_w_cdma_physical_downlink_channels"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="694" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="692"><div> <B>  ETSI W-CDMA Physical Downlink Channels</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Primary CCPCH </B>(Common Control Physical Channel) - BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel)</div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Secondary CCPCH</B>    - FACH (Forward Access Channel) : requests, status, responses</div> <div> - PCH (Paging Channel): BS to MS broadcast</div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">SCH</B> (Synchronisation Channel)    - Primary SCH1 (Not orthogonal during LCM interval)</div> <div> - Secondary SCH2 (Not orthogonal during LCM interval)</div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">DPCH</B> (Dedicated Physical Channel)    - DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel)</div> <div>      DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel) : user data</div> <div> - DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel)</div> <div>     DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel) : control data</div> <div>  <A NAME="etsi_w_cdma_physical_uplink_channels"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="699" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="697"><div> <B>  ETSI W-CDMA Physical Uplink Channels</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">PRACH (common Physical Random Access Channel) - <B>RACH</B> (Random Access Channel):requests, status, responses</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel)   - <B>DPDCH</B> (Dedicated Physical Data Channel)</div> <div> DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel):user data</div> <div> - <B>DPCCH </B>(Dedicated Physical Data Channel)</div> <div> DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel):control data</div> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="etsi_w_cdma_spreading_codes_"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="705" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="703"><div> <B>  ETSI W-CDMA Spreading Codes</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) Codes</div> <div> - Up to 256 codes used for channelisation </div> <div> - Variable length, depending on the rate</div> <div> 128 bits for 32ksps, 4 bits for 1024 ksps</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700a033000000.gif" HEIGHT="11" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Scrambling Codes - 18 bit gold-code generator used for BS to MS signals</div> <div> - 512 (of total 2 power of 18) unique long codes used</div> <div> - Provides unique BS identification</div> <div> - 41 bit gold-code generator used for MS to BS signals</div> <div> - Provides unique MS identification</div> <div> - Provides voice security</div> <div> - 8 bit gold-code generator used for BS to MS signals</div> <div> - Used for Long Code Mask (LCM) symbol</div> <div> - Identify groups of unique BS Long codes</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> 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