3rd GPP Physical layer - General description

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0><script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-47423994-1', 'fortunecity.ws'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <center> <br> <div> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="http://ad.broadcaststation.net/ads/show_ad.php?width=728&height=90"></script> </div> </center> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0 height="100%"><tr> <td valign="top" width=190 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> 3rd GPP Physical layer - General description</div> <div> <A HREF="id24.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Wideband CDMA "><U><B>b</B></U></A><A HREF="id24.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Wideband CDMA "><U><B>ack to Wideband CDMA</B></U></A></div> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#003333" FACE="Arial" ><IMG SRC="13b6d2b0.gif" border=0 width="365" height="43" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#3366FF" FACE="Arial" >    |    </FONT> <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Lemonrain_First_Page"><U>home</U></A></div> <div> 3rd GPP Physical layer - General description   |   <A HREF="id58.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="3rd GPP Multiplexing and channel coding "><U>3rd GPP Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id60.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="3rd GPP Spreading and modulation (FDD)"><U>3rd GPP Spreading and modulation (FDD)</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id62.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical Layer Procedures (FDD)"><U>3rd GPP Physical Layer Procedures (FDD)</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id64.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer Measurements (FD"><U>3rd GPP Physical layer - Measurements (FDD)</U></A></div> <div> 3rd GPP Physical layer - General description</div> <div>  <A NAME="topics_1"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#003300 HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  Topics</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="#3gpp_technical_specification_group" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800f099003300.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">3GPP Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#multiple_access" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800c899003300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Multiple Access</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#channel_coding_and_interleaving" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800c899003300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Channel coding and interleaving</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#modulation_and_spreading" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800c899003300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Modulating and spreading</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#physical_layer_procedures" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800c899003300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Physical layer procedures</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#physical_layer_measurements" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800c899003300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Physical layer measurements</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#general_description_of_layer_1" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800c899003300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">General description of Layer 1</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#physical_channels_and_mapping_of" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800c899003300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels(FDD)</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#structure_of_physical_channel" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800c899003300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Structure of physical channel (Dedicated uplink physical channels)</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#physical_random_access_channel_prach__and_rach_transmission" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800c899003300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Physical Random Access Channel(PRACH) and RACH transmission</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#physical_common_packet_channel_pcpch_" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800c899003300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Physical Common Packet Channel(PCPCH) and CPCH transmission</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#downlink_physical_channels__downlink" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800c899003300.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Downlink physical channels (Downlink Transmit Diversity)</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#dedicated_downlink_physical_channels__" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800f099003300.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Dedicated downlink physical channels</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#downlink_dedicated_physical_control" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800f099003300.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Downlink Dedicated Physical Control Channel(DL-DPCH) for Common Packet Channel(CPCH)</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#common_downlink_physical_channels__" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800f099003300.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Common downlink physical channels</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#mapping_of_transport_channels_onto" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Wing0a7300a800f099003300.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Mapping of transport channels onto physical channels</B></U></A></div> <bR> <div>  <A NAME="3gpp_technical_specification_group"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  </B><B>3GPP Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network</B>   </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <U>Physical layer-General description</U></div> <div> Radio interface which is prescribed by this specification means the Uu point between User  Equipment(UE) and network.  The radio interface is composed of Layers 1,2 and 3.  Layer 1 is based on WCDMA technology and the TS25.200 series describes the Layer-1 specification.  Layers 2 and 3 of the radio interface are describe in the TS25.300 and 25.400 series, respectively.</div> <bR> <div> The physical layer interfaces the Medium Access Control (MAC) sub-layer of Layer 2 and the Radio Resource Control (RRC) Layer of Layer 3.  Service Access Points (SAPs) are located between different layer/sub-layers.  The physical layer offers different Transport channels to MAC.  A  transport channel is charactersized by how the information is transferred over the radio interface.  MAC offers different Logical channels to the Radio Link Control (RLC) sub-layer of Layer 2.  A logical channel is characterized by the type of information transferred.  Physical channels are defined in the physical layer.  There are two duplex modes: <A HREF="#fdd" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><I>Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)</I></U></A> and <A HREF="#tdd" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><I>Time Division Duplex (TDD)</I></U></A><I>. </I> In the FDD mode a physical channel is characterised by the code, frequency and in the uplink the relative phase (I/Q).  In the TDD mode the physical channels is also charactrised by the timeslot.  The physical layer is controlled by RRC. </div> <bR> <div> <U>Service provided to upper layer</U> </div> <div> The physical layer offers data transport services to highers. The access to these services is through the use of transport channels via the MAC sub-layer.  The physical layer is expected to perform the following functions in order to provide the data transport service.  </div> <bR> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Macrodiversity distribution/combining and soft handover execution</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Error detection on transport channels and indication to higher layers</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">FEC encoding/decoding of transport channels</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Multiplexing of transport channels and demultiplexing of coded composite transport channels</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Rate matching (data multiplexed on DCH)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Mapping of coded composite transport channels on physical channles</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Power weighting and combining physical channels</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Modulation and spreading/demodulation and despreading of physical channels</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Frequency and time (chip, bit, slot, frame) synchronisation</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Radio characteristics measurements including FER, SIR, Interference Power, etc., and indication to higher layers</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Inner-loop power control</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">RF processing</div> <bR> <div> When network elements (UEs and network) provide compatible service bearers (for example support a speech bearer) should be assured of successful interworking.  Moreover, different implementation options of the same (optional) feature would lead to incompatibility between UE and network.  Therefore, this shall be avoided.</div> <div>  <A NAME="multiple_access"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="794" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="792"><div> <B>  </B><B>Multiple Access </B>   </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> The access scheme is Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) with information spread over approximately 5MHz bandwidth, thus also often denoted as Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) due that nature.</div> <bR> <div> UTRA (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) has two modes, FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) & TDD (Time Division Duplex), for operating with paired and unpaired bands respectively.  The possibility to operate in either FDD or TDD mode allows for efficient utilisation of the available spectrum according to the frequency allocation in different regions.  FDD and TDD modes are defined as follows;</div> <bR> <div>  <A NAME="fdd"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A>FDD:-</div> <div> A duplex method whereby uplink and downlink transmissions use two separated radio frequencies.                  In the FDD, each uplink and downlink uses the different frequency band.  A pair of frequency bands which have specified separation shall be assigned for the system.</div> <bR> <div>  <A NAME="tdd"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A>TDD:-</div> <div> A duplex method whereby uplink and downlink transmissions are carried over same radio frequency by using synchronised  time intervals.  In the TDD, time slots in a physical channel are divided into  transmission</div> <div> and reception part.  Information on uplink and downlink are transmitted reciprocally.</div> <bR> <div> In UTRA TDD there is TDMA component in the multiple access in addition to DS-CDMA.  Thus the multiple access has been also often denoted as TDMA/CDMA due added TDMA nature.</div> <bR> <div> A 10ms radio frame is divided into 15 slots (2560 chip/slot at the chip rate 3.84 Mcps).  A physical channel is therefore defined as a code (or a number of codes) and additionally in TDD mode the sequence of time slots completes the definition of a physical channel.</div> <bR> <div> The information rate of the channel varies with the symbol rate being derived from the 3.84Mcps chip rate and the spreading factor.  Spreading factors are from 256 to 4 with FDD uplink, from 512 to 4 with FDD downlink, and from 16 to 1 for TDD uplink and downlink.  Thus the respective modulation symbol rates vary from 960k symbols/s to 15k symbols/s (7.5k symbols/s) for FDD uplink (downlink), and for TDD the momentary modulation symbol rates shall vary from 3.84M symbols/s to 240k symbols/s.</div> <bR> <div> Furthermore, relaying between nodes can be used by means of Opportunity Driven Multiple Access (ODMA) in TDD mode. </div> <div>  <A NAME="channel_coding_and_interleaving"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  </B><B>Channel coding and interleaving</B> </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> For the channel coding in UTRA three options are supported:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Convolutional coding</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Turbo coding</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">No channel coding</div> <bR> <div> Channel coding selection is indicated by upper layers.  In order to randomise transmission errors, bit interleaving is performed further.</div> <div>  <A NAME="modulation_and_spreading"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  </B><B>Modulation and spreading</B>  <A HREF="#topics_1" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><IMG SRC="0621a0c0.gif" border=0 width="26" height="12" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> The UTRA modulation scheme is QPSK.  With CDMA nature the spreading (& scrambling) process is closely associated with modulation.  In UTRA different families of spreading codes are used to spread the signal.  </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">For <B>separating channels</B> from same source, channelisation codes derived with the code tree structure.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">For <B>separating different cell</B>:</div> <div>       -FDD mode: Gold codes with 10ms period (38400 chips at 3.84Mcps) used, with the                 </div> <div>                 actual code itself length 2^18-1 chips</div> <div>       -TDD mode: Scrambling codes with the length 16 used</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">For <B>separating different UEs</B> the following code families are defined:         </div> <div>        -FDD mode: Gold codes with 10ms period, or alternatively S(2) codes 256 chip period;                           </div> <div>        -TDD mode: codes with period of 16 chips and midamble sequences of different length                                   </div> <div>                 depending on the environment.</div> <div>  <A NAME="physical_layer_procedures"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  </B><B>Physical layer procedures</B>  </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> There are several physical layer procedures involved with UTRA operation.  Such procedures covered by physical layer description are:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The power control, with both inner loop and slow quality loop for FDD mode, and for TDD     mode open loop in uplink and inner loop in downlink;</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Cell search operation;</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">ODMA (Opportunity Driven Multiple Access) specific procedures such as probing for TDD mode.</div> <div>  <A NAME="physical_layer_measurements"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  </B><B>Physical layer measurements </B> </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> Radio characteristics including FER, SIR, Interference power, etc., are measured and reported to higher layers and network.  Such measurements are:</div> <div> 1) Handover measurements for handover within UTRA.  Specific features being determined  </div> <div> in addition  to the relative strength of the cell, for the FDD mode the timing relation between for cells for support of asynchronous soft handover;</div> <div> 2) The measurement procedures for preparation for handover to GSM900/GSM1800; </div> <div> 3) The measurement procedures for UE before random access process;</div> <div> 4) The measurement procedures for Dynamic Channel Allocation (DCA) of TDD mode.</div> <div>  <A NAME="general_description_of_layer_1"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  </B><B>General description of Layer 1</B><B> </B><A HREF="#topics_1" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><IMG SRC="0621a0c0.gif" border=0 width="26" height="12" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A> </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> Physical layer offers data transport services to higher layers through the use of transport channels via the MAC (Medium Access Control) sub-layer.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The physical layer is to perform the reported 12 functions in order to provide the data transport service.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The access scheme used is Direct-Sequence Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) with information spread over approximately 5MHz bandwidth.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">UTRA employs two modes in FDD and TDD, which allows efficient utilisation of the available spectrum according to the frequency allocation in different regions.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">A 10ms radio frame is divided into 15 slots (2560 chip/slot at the chip rate 3.84Mcps).  A physical channel is therefore defined as a code(or a number of codes) and additionally in TDD mode, the sequence of time slots completes the definition of a physical channel.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The information rate of a channel varies with symbol rate being derived from the 3.84Mcps chip rate and the spreading factor.  Spreading factors are from 256 to 4 with FDD uplink, from 512 to 4 with FDD downlink, and from 16 to 1 for TDD uplink and downlink. </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Channel coding selection is indicated by upper layers.  The three channel coding options in UTRA are: Convolutional coding , Turbo coding, No channel coding.  Bit interleaving is performed further to randomise transmission errors.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">QPSK modulation scheme is used in UTRA.  In UTRA, the following families of spreading codes are used to spread the signal.</div> <div> -For separating channels from same source, channelisation codes derived with the code tree structure are used.</div> <div> -For separating different cells, </div> <div>  FDD mode: Gold codes with 10ms period (38400 chips at 3.84Mcps)used.</div> <div> TDD mode: Scrambling codes with the length 16 used.</div> <div> -For separating different UEs, </div> <div> FDD mode: Gold codes with 10ms period, or S(2) codes 256 chip period;</div> <div> TDD mode: Codes with period of 16chips and midamble sequences of  </div> <div>                        different length depending on the environment.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The physical layer procedures involved with UTRA operation are as follow:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c002d00c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The power control, with both inner loop and slow quality loop for FDD mode, and </div> <div>         for TDD mode  open loop in uplink and inner loop in downlink;  </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c002d00c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Cell search operation;</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c002d00c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">ODMA (Opportunity Driven Multiple Access) specific procedures such as probing </div> <div>         for TDD mode.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Radio characteristics including FER, SIR, Interference power, etc., are measured and reported to higher layers and network.  </div> <div>  <A NAME="physical_channels_and_mapping_of"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 ><NOBR><div> <B>  </B><B>Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels(FDD)</B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> The different transport channels (<I>are services offered by Layer 1 to the higher layers, and is defined by how and with what characteristics data is transferred over the air interface</I>) that exist are classified into two groups:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c002d00c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Dedicated Channels</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c002d00c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Common Channels</div> <bR> <div> <U>Dedicated transport channels</U> </div> <div> Dedicated Channel (DCH)</div> <bR> <div> <U>Common transport channels</U></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">BCH-(Broadcast Channel) is a downlink transport channel that is used to broadcast system- and cell-specific information, and always transmitted over the entire cell with a low fixed bit rate.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">FACH-(Forward Access Channel) is a downlink transport channel transmitted over the entire cell or over only a part of the cell using beam-forming antennas.  It uses slow power control.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">PCH-(Paging Channel) is a downlink transport channel always transmitted over the entire cell.  It is associated with the transmission of a physical layer signal, the Paging Indicator, to support efficient sleep-mode procedures.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">RACH-(Random Access Channel) is an uplink transport channel always received from the entire cell; which is characterised by a limited size data field, a collision risk and by the use of open loop power control.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">CPCH-(Common Packet Channel) is an uplink transport and contention based random access channel used for transmission of bursty data traffic.  It is associated with a dedicated channel on the downlink which provides power control for the uplink CPCH.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">DSCH-(Downlink Shared Channel) is a downlink transport channel shared by several UEs and is associated with a DCH.</div> <div>  <A NAME="structure_of_physical_channel"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  </B><B>Structure of physical channel (Dedicated uplink physical channels)   </B> <A HREF="#topics_1" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><IMG SRC="0621a0c0.gif" border=0 width="26" height="12" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> The two types of uplink dedicated physical channels, the uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel (uplink DPDCH) and the uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel (uplink DPCCH) are I/Q code multiplexed within each radio frame.  </div> <bR> <div> The uplink DPCCH is used to carry control information generated at layer 1 where the control information consists of known pilot bits to support channel estimation for :</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">coherent detection</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">transmit power-control (TPC) commands</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">feedback information (FBI)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">an optional transport-format combination indicator (TFCI)</div> <bR> <div> Each frame of the uplink dedicated physical channel of length 10ms is split into 15 slots, each of length  Tslot=2560chips which corresponds to one power-control period.  A super frame corresponds to 72 consecutive frames that makes up a super-frame length of 720ms.</div> <div> The spreading factor SF of the physical channel, SF = 256/2k where the parameter k determines the number of bits per uplink DPDCH/DPCCH slot.  The different uplink DPCCH fields are Npilot, NTFCI, NFBI, and NTPC.  The field order and total number of bits/slot are fixed, but the number of bits per field may vary during a connection.  More information can be describe below:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">NFBI bits are used to support techniques requiring feedback between the UE and the UTRAN Access Point (=cell transceiver), including closed loop mode transmit diversity and site selection diversity (SSDT).</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">S field is used for SSDT signalling.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">D field is used for FB Mode Transmit Diversity Signalling.</div> <div>  <A NAME="physical_random_access_channel_prach__and_rach_transmission"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  </B><B>Common uplink physical channels</B><B>     </B><A HREF="#topics_1" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><IMG SRC="0621a0c0.gif" border=0 width="26" height="12" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A> </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> <U>Physical Random Access Channel(PRACH) and RACH transmission</U>  <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Verdana" > </FONT></div> <div> The Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) is used to carry the RACH.  </div> <div> Information on RACH transmission can be briefly described as below:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The random-access transmission is based on a Slotted ALOHA approach with fast acquisition indication.  </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The UE can start the transmission at access slots (a number of well-defined time-offsets).</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">There are 15 access slots per two frames and are spaced 5120 chips apart.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Preamble part of the random-access burst consists of 256 repetitions of a signature; whereby there are a total of 16 different signatures, based on the Hadamard code set of length 16.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Random-access message part is a 10ms message spilt into 15 slots, each of length Tslot = 2560chips.  Each slot has two parts, a data part that carries Layer 2 information and a control part that carries Layer 1 control information.  Both parts are transmitted in parallel.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The data part consists of 10*2k bits, where k=0,1,2,3.  This corresponds to a spreading factor of 256, 128, 64, and 32 respectively for the message data part.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The control part consists of 8 known pilot bits to support channel estimation for coherent detection and 2 TFCI bits.</div> <div>  <A NAME="physical_common_packet_channel_pcpch_"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 ><NOBR><div> <B>  </B><B>Physical Common Packet Channel(PCPCH) and CPCH transmission                                                                                   </B><B> </B> </div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> The Physical Common Packet Channel(PCPCH) is used to carry the CPCH.</div> <div> Information on the CPCH transmission can be briefly described as below:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The CPCH transmission is based on DSMA-CD approach with fast acquisition indication.  </div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The UE can start transmission at a number of well-defined time-offsets, relative to the frame boundary of the received BCH of the current cell.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The access slot timing and structure is identical to RACH.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The CPCH random access transmission consists of one or several Access Preambles [A-P] of length 4096 chips, one Collision Detection.  Preamble (CD-P) of length 4096 chips, a [10]ms DPCCH Power Control Preamble(PC-P) and a message of variable length N*10 ms.</div> <bR> <div> For the CPCH access preamble part:</div> <div> The RACH preamble signature sequences are used similar to those of RACH preamble part.  The number of sequences used could be less than the ones used in the RACH preamble.</div> <bR> <div> For the CPCH collision detection preamble part:</div> <div> The RACH preamble signature sequences are used where the scrambling code could either be chosen to be a different  code segment of the Gold code used to form the scrambling code of the RACH preamble or could be the same scrambling code in case the signature set is shared.</div> <bR> <div> For the CPCH power control preamble part:</div> <div> The power control preamble segment is a [10]ms DPCCH Power Control Preamble(PC-C) which has a length of ffs.</div> <bR> <div> For the CPCH message part:</div> <div> Each message consists of up to N_MAX_frames 10ms frames, where N_MAX_frames is a higher layer parameter.  Each 10ms frame is spilt into 15 slots, each of length Tslot = 2560chips. Each slot consists of two parts, a data part that carries higher layer information and a control part that carries Layer 1 control information.  Both parts are transmitted in parallel.</div> <div>  <A NAME="downlink_physical_channels__downlink"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  </B><B>Downlink physical channels (Downlink Transmit Diversity)</B><B> </B> </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> The different types of downlink physical channels are as below:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">CPICH (Common Pilot Channel)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">P-CCPCH (Primary Common Control Physical Channel)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">SCH (Synchronisation Channel)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">S-CCPCH (Secondary Common Control Physical Channel)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">PDSCH -associated with DPCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="28" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">AICH (Acquisition Indication Channel)</div> <bR> <div> Open loop transmit diversity employs a space time block coding based transmit diversity (STTD).  Channel coding, rate matching and interleaving is done as in the non-diversity mode.</div> <div> <U> <A NAME="dedicated_downlink_physical_channels__"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  </B><B>Dedicated downlink physical channels</B><B> </B> </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> The frame structure of the downlink DPCH is time-spilt accordingly to that of the uplink dedicated physical channel. Each frame of the downlink dedicated physical channel of length 10ms is split into 15 slots, each of length Tslot = 2560chips which corresponds to one power-control period.  A super frame corresponds to 72 consecutive frames that makes up a super-frame length of 720ms.</div> <bR> <div> The main difference between the frame structure of the dedicated uplink and downlink physical channels is the spreading factor SF.  For the downlink DPCH, SF = 512/2k where the parameter k determines the number of bits per uplink DPDCH/DPCCH slot.  Therefore, the spreading factor range from 512 down to 4.  The related tables on channel bits and symbols will not be further explained here.</div> <bR> <div> The outstanding point to note is that when the total bit rate to be transmitted on one downlink CCTrCH (Coded Composite Transport Channel) exceeds the maximum bit rate for a downlink physical channel, multicode transmission is employed.  This implies that several parallel downlink DPCHs are transmitted for one CCTrCH using the same spreading factor.  Layer 1 control information is put on only the first downlink DPCH and the additional downlink DPCHs belonging to the CCTrCH do not transmit any data during the corresponding time period.</div> <div> <U> <A NAME="downlink_dedicated_physical_control"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 ><NOBR><div> <B>  Downlink Dedicated Physical Control Channel(DL-DPCH) for Common Packet Channel(CPCH) </B> </div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> The spreading factor(SF) for the UL-DPCCH(message control part) is 256, while for the DL-DPCCH(message control part) is 512.</div> <div> <U> <A NAME="common_downlink_physical_channels__"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  </B><B>Common downlink physical channels</B><B> </B> </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div> The related channels are as follow:</div> <bR> <div> Common Pilot Channel(CPICH)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">fixed rate(30kbps, SF=256) that carries a pre-defined bit/symbol sequence</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Transmit Diversity(open or closed loop), the CPICH should be transmitted from both antennas using the same channelisation and scrambling code</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">There are two types of Common pilot channels, the Primary and Secondary CPICH where they differ in their use and the limitations placed on their physical features.  The Primary CPICH is the phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH and is also the default phase reference for all the other downlink physical channels.  The Secondary CPICH can an arbitrary channelisation code of SF=256; is scrambled by either the primary or a secondary scrambling code; can be zero, one or several per cell, may be transmitted over only a part of the cell, and may be the reference for the Secondary CPCCH and the downlink DPCH, whereby the UE is informed about this by higher-layer signaling.</div> <bR> <div> Primary Common Control Physical Channel(P-CCPCH)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">fixed rate(30kbps, SF=256)downlink physical channels used to carry the BCH</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">frame structure differs from the downlink DPCH in that no TPC commands, no TFCI and no pilot bits are transmitted.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">the Primary CCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256chips of each slot.  Instead, Primary SCH and Secondary SCH are transmitted during this period. The Primary CCPCH structure with STTD encoding will not be discussed here.</div> <bR> <div> Secondary Common Control Physical Channel(S-CCPCH)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">used to carry the FACH and PCH.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Two types of S-CCPCH: those that include the TFCI and those that do not include the TFCI.  The UTRAN determines if a TFCI should be transmitted, making it mandatory for all UEs to support the use of TFCI.</div> <bR> <div> Synchronisation Channel(SCH)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">is a downlink signal used for cell search.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">consists of two sub channels, the Primary and Secondary SCH.</div> <bR> <div> Physical Downlink Shared Channel(PDSCH)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">used to carry the Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">is shared by users based on code multiplexing</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">As the DSCH is always associated with a DCH, the PDSCH is always associated with a downlink DPCH</div> <div> (The frame structure for the PDSCH will not be discuss here)</div> <bR> <div> Acquisition Indication Channel(AICH)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">is a physical channel used to carry Acquisition Indicators (AI)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Two AICH frames of total length 20ms consist of 15 access slots (AS), each of length 20 symbols(5120 chips).  Each  access slot consists of two parts, an Acquisition-Indicator (AI) part and an empty part</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">the empty part of the access slot consists of 4 zeros, and the phase reference for the AICH is the CPICH</div> <bR> <div> Page Indication Channel (PICH)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">is a fixed rate (SF=256) physical channel used to carry the Page Indicators (PI)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">is always associated with an S-CCPCH to which a PCH transport channel is mapped</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">One PICH frame of length 10ms consists 300bits, where 288 bits are used to carry Page Indicators and the remaining 12 bits are not used</div> <div> (the mapping of Page Indicators (PI) to PICH bits will not be discussed here)</div> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="mapping_of_transport_channels_onto"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#330099 HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="789"><div> <B>  </B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#FFFFFF" FACE="Verdana" ><B>Mapping of transport channels onto physical channels </B></FONT><B>    </B><B> </B><A HREF="#topics_1" TITLE="3rd GPP Physical layer General descript"><U><IMG SRC="0621a0c0.gif" border=0 width="26" height="12" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A> </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <div>  </div> <div> <U> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="786" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 378 WIDTH="780"><div> <U><IMG SRC="078c1210.gif" border=0 width="449" height="289" ALT="Microsoft Excel Ü°¸¼°Ä" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></div> <div> The DCHs are coded and multiplexed and the resulting data stream is mapped sequentially (first-in-first-mapped) directly to the physical channel(s).  The mapping of BCH and FACH/PCH is equally straightforward, where the data stream after coding and interleaving is mapped sequentially to the Primary and Secondary CCPCH respectively.  As for the RACH, the coded and interleaved bits are sequentially mapped to the physical channel, in this case the message part of the random access burst on the PRACH.</div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></U></div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>